Principles & Strategies of Translation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Principles & Strategies of Translation - Essay Example Guy Cook has the view that, â€Å"Advertising in the era of color magazines, television and internet is a new phenomenon, both in nature, quality and effect† (Cook 2001). However, the advertising that is known as the contemporary is not too old. The literary discourse is sometimes referred as the study which deals with the reading and its effects with respect to the tradition. The discourse is part of society that can be hugely impacted by the cultural regards. Persons split the discourse in element. In this way, the different elements can be distinguished. It is purely unfavorable for the advertisement to consider an advertisement just a piece of text; it is more than a piece of text, an intersemiotic angle to view an advertisement is better way to understand an advertisement rather than just employing the semiotic angle. Semiotics deal with the development, utilization and drawing meanings for the signs (Stecconi in Encyclopaedia of Translation Studies, 2008:260), which has a great influence on the linguistics and it a subgroup of linguistics. If a person has a view of an advertisement, he views the signs that could be a text, a picture, a rhyme, a gesture or a color or colors, he make the symbolizes of the act to be in a sense that his mind can understand. The sign may convert to another sign that could be related to another piece of novel, picture, painting, etc. In this way, the advertisements are the multimodal texts, while, the other genres of texts have a lower level of multimodality as compared to the advertisements. The intellectuals begin taking interest in studying the advertisements and view the study as the translational study, as the linguistics is dominated by previously by strong writing styles, the advertisements changed the way scholars think about that (Torresi 2008). However, ‘Snell and Crampton† have the view that, â€Å"translation has little to do with this fascinating

The First Great Awakening Essay Example for Free

The First Great Awakening Essay The first great awakening is best be described by historians as a religious revival that swept through the American colonies. This happened between 1730 and 1745. This revival was a part of the wider movement that was taking place in other regions of the world such as in European regions of Scotland Germany and England. A new age of faith was coming up quickly countering the enlightment age. This was the period that religious faith was being reaffirmed where it mainly meant trusting someone heart instead of the head, this meant feeling were to be more important than thinking. Biblical revelations were to be the guiding tools for the life of human being to be prosperous. This discouraged use of human reason in solving issue related to faith. The first signs of the awakening were seen as early as 1679 following the sermons delivered by Solomon Staddord in Northampton Massachusetts. Periodic revivals occurred after this period but they were usually dying out due to the strong influence of the enlightment age. Jonathan Edward, William Tennent and his family and George Whitefield played a great role in spreading the word and in bringing revival to this region. They are noted for the role they played in initiating religious revivals in the colonies as well as establishing the seminaries where the clergymen would be trained. These clergy people were used to convert people bringing them in to Christianity. (Wallis,J 2008 23) William Tennent has been described a the father of the great awakening, the soldier of Christ and the old grayed disciple of Christ are some of the names that he was given to recognize the role he played in reviving Christianity in the American colonies. He is attributed to the spreading of the fire to many parts of the colony including Ohio and Carolina. He established churches as well as training schools where he trained young men as pastors to help in the spreading of the word. He is accredited for starting the first training camps for the clergy who served in the revival of religion in this part of the world. William stressed on the need for man to seek personal salvation with God, he advocated for the people to repent as they will be convicted of their sins. This made him controversial as the other Presbyterian preachers wanted him to stick to the traditions. He ignited a fire that was carried by his students far and wide to the regions far away helping in the awakening of religion. (Lambert,F 1999 46) The religious enthusiasm spread from the Presbyterians to the purists and Baptists of New England. The clergy were conducting revival employing the strategies used by William Tennent. Jonathan Edwards delivered powerful sermons which ignited a kind of fire never seen before. In his sermon â€Å"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God† he described how people will be destroyed if they did not turn away from their current state. He stated clearly through his sermons what awaited those who are sinners. Just like William he played a great role in spreading revival teaching to different areas as well as training young men who did a great job in this course. George Whitefield who came to be known as the great itinerant Traveled far and wide preaching the revival message. He emphasized on the need of living as Christians rather as divided people. His eloquent manner endeared many whom he helped to convert. The English preacher together with other preachers formed a movement whose aim was to reform the Church of England. He drew very large crowds everywhere he went such that he mostly opted to preach outdoors. (Tracy, J. 1997 145) The great awakening led to conversion of many Americans, this is shown by the number of people who joined the church, and this increased greatly at around this period. The sermons delivered by the preachers were powerful such that they touched many of whom decided to convert. The major effect was the rebellion against the authoritarian rule which was characteristic in the religious field. The charismatic personalities Edwards, Tennent and Whitefield played a great role in delivering the right messages challenging the status quo. The helped the people to see the light. The necessary reforms were carried out in the church making it more responsive to the salvation needs of the people. The message was not well received by all there are those who wanted thing s to remain the same, they wanted to advance the traditions they questioned the move of the preachers as they condemned the local clergy on the way they conducted the affairs. The great awakening left these preachers sharply polarized as they could not agree with some of the things being propagated by the revival preachers. The first great awakening left the colonials divided along religious lines. (Heimert, A 1966 68)The Anglicans gained from this movement as its membership increased greatly. This membership was drawn from those people who did not approve the revival excesses. Baptists on the other hand gained from the radical converts. The great portion of believers remained in the Presbyterian and congregational denominations but they were divided along the lines of those who supported the revival and those who were opposed to it, the so called new and the old lights. New lights represented those who approved the revival while the old lights are those who favored the status quo. The colonial government was not left out too, in the colonies where the main steam churches were supported by the authorities the other churches lobbied for enactment of the laws which would end the favoritism along religious lines. (Kidds,T 2007 104) The great awakening brought changes in the American church changes that lasted for a long period and continue to be felt up to this time. It is a period when the church became stronger as it gained more members especially those who were converted at around this time. Work Cited Wallis,JThe Great Awakening,HarperOne( 2008) Lambert,F. Inventing the Great Awakening Princeton: Princeton University Press, (1999) Tracy, J. The Great Awakening: A History of the Revival of Religion in the Time of Edwards and Whitefield,Banner of the Truth (1997) Heimert,A Religion and the American Mind, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, (1966) Kidds,T. The Great Awakening:Abrief History with documents,Bedford/St Martins(2007)

HIV and AIDS - We are Close to a Cure :: STD, HIV, AIDS

HIV and AIDS - We are Close to a Cure AIDS is a major disease that has threatened the world's population but many scientists believe that a cure is in sight. These scientists say they have developed a vaccine that will cure a dying AIDS patient. They also believe that have created a vaccine that will prevent a person from contracting the virus. AIDS stands for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. Acquired stands for that the disease is not hereditary but develops after birth from contact with a disease causing agent in this case, HIV. Immunodeficiency means that the disease is characterized by a weakening of the immune system. Syndrome means a group of symptoms that collectively indicate or characterize a disease. In AIDS this can include the development of certain infections and cancers, as well as a decrease in the number of certain cells in a person?s immune system (What is AIDS). HIV is transmitted in many different ways. It can be spread by sexual contact with an infected person, or by sharing needles. It is less common now because blood is now screened for the virus through blood transfusion. Babies that are born to HIV infected women may become infected before or during birth or through breast-feeding. Doctors and nurses have also been infected at the work place. They can be infected by being stuck with a needle containing HIV-infected blood. Sometimes workers can get infected through open wounds. There is only one case in the U.S. in which a patient has been infected by the worker (HIV and Its Transmission). This involved one infected dentist infecting six of his patients. Some people fear that HIV might be transmitted in other ways, but there is no proof to support it. If HIV was being transmitted through other common ways such as through the air, water, or insects the cases of HIV and AIDS cases would be much higher than they already are (HIV and Its Transmission). Many people are ashamed to admit to family and, loved ones that they are infected or may be infected. For example, Monica was fifteen years old when she became infected. She wrote about how she became infected ?My best friend who is a male has AIDS and we were really close so one night we experimented and after the fact that we did it he told me he had AIDS. I was so angry at him and scared.

Ephedrine and its use in Weight Loss :: Health Dieting Papers

Ephedrine and its use in Weight Loss Throughout the late nineteenth century and into the new millennium, there has been a tremendous desire among women to lose weight. Women today will do anything to achieve their belief of the perfect figure. While the â€Å"Barbie† look was at one time looked upon as unhealthy, it is now considered expected. For some reason women feel the need to keep up with Hollywood and its stars. Of course it does not help when the cover of any fashion magazine is pasted with size-zero models. After reading a magazine filled with beautiful, skinny women, people usually feel worse about the way they look, not better. So it is no surprise that the trend to lose weight has taken off in the past couple of years. And with this trend comes the increased popularity in â€Å"weight-loss† products. One can find any type of product now that claims to lose weight effectively, but at what cost to his/her health? One very controversial herb found in diet pills or food supplements is ep hedrine. Purpose of Ephedrine: While ephedrine is used to treat low blood pressure and chronic asthma, it is more popularly used in diet pills (http://www.ravehard.com/doctor/ephidra.htm). Ephedrine is a natural stimulant found in many diet pills offered today. According to the Clinical Toxicology Review, ephedrine mainly affects the cardiovascular and respiratory systems of the body. This means that it constricts blood vessels and enhances certain actions of the heart (http://www.dr-bob.org/babble/20000401/msgs/29022.html). In a clinical review; Capri-Mara Fillmore, Lisa Bartoli, Richard Bach, and Young Park 1999, they stated that ephedrine stimulates the sympathomimetic and central nervous system.

Film review

The Hunger Games, it's a harsh and relentless story based upon the first novel out of a trilogy of books by Suzanne Collins. The book is narrated by 16 year old Catkins; a young woman who lives in a post-apocalyptic America divided into 13 districts and ruled by one, the Capitol. In this imaginary future, ruled by the Capitol, an apparatus of their control is the Hunger Games, an event established in the aftermaths of a billion against them, to keep the population in check and remind them whose boss.The story sets place at one of their annual reaping, where all twelve districts are forced to bring forward one boy and one girl to participate in the games. They are branded as tributes. Participants are selected then given physical training and presentation guidance for the games. The games are filmed and televised and it is mandatory for all citizens from every district to watch. Catkins comes from one of the resort areas, District 12.It's a coal mining region, and only two people have ever won from her particular region in the long history of the games. I believe that the people responsible for the Hunger Games tried really hard, not to loiter on the pursuit and the kill but to show the characters using their brains, eluding confrontation as much as possible. The theme of martyr and exploitation is static, and we react to it.They portrayed the setting-up of the game wisely: resembling the kook, the film lets us understand, very hastily, how manipulative the games are. This is something Catkins discovers early on, but she still manages to remain true to herself as much as possible. The film shows us countless ways to be a spectator: the vain Capitol members are the arch-consumers, but as a spectator, we don't associate with them. It's the game, not the Tributes we as viewers are keen to see conquered. May the odds be ever in your favor.

Famous Events, Birthdays, and Inventions in July

Famous Events, Birthdays, and Inventions in July With both the first-ever U.S. patent and the first numbered patent issued in the month of July, the seventh month of the Gregorian calendar is full of historically significant inventions, patents, trademarks, and copyrights as well as a handful of famous birthdays and events. From the trademark registration of Silly Putty to Model T inventor Henry Fords birthday, find out what historical events took place on this day in the month of July. July Inventions, Trademarks, and Patents More than seven million patents have been registered out of the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) since the Patent Act of 1836 was passed on July 20 of that year (Patent X1). However, there were a great many that were registered even before that, starting with the patent issued to Samuel Hopkins on July 31, 1790, for a method of producing pot and pearl ash. July 1 1952 - The trademark for  Silly Putty was officially registered, though originally filed on March 31, 1950. A trademark protects words, names, symbols, sounds, or colors that distinguish goods and services. The roar of the MGM lion and the shape of a Coca-Cola bottle are also trademarked. July 2 1907 - Emil Haefely obtained a patent for a machine that wraps electrical conductors in insulating tubes. This method is still used for a large number of electronic devices today. July 3 1979 - The phrase Radio City Music Hall was trademark registered. July 4 1933 -  William Coolidge obtained a patent for the X-ray tube, popularly called the Coolidge tube. July 5 1988 - The Bugs Bunny phrase Whats Up, Doc? was trademark registered. July 6 1904 - Patent #764,166 was granted to Albert Gonzales for a railway switch thats still used today on railroads across America. July 7 1989 - Warner Brothers copyright registered Batman, a movie based on a popular cartoon character. July 8 1873 - Anna Nichols became the first female patent examiner. July 9 1968 - US patent #3,392,261 for the Portable Beam Generator, also known as a hand-held laser ray gun, was granted to inventor  Frederick R. Schellhammer. July 10 1847 - The rotary printing press was patented by Richard Hoe. July 11 1893 - Hoods  Sarsaparilla CIH CO Compound Extract was trademark registered, which was used as a medicine to purify the blood and treat heart disease, rheumatism, scrofula, and dropsy.1990 - Bill Atkinson, the inventor of HyperCard software, left Apple Computers along with Andy Hertzfeld, co-inventor of the Apple Macintosh, and started a new company called General Magic. July 12 1927 - Green Giant Great Big Tender Peas were trademark registered. July 13 1836 - Patents were first numbered, changing the way the system of patents and trademarks was organized. July 14 1885 -  Sarah Goode became the first black woman to receive a U.S. patent for her invention of a folding cabinet bed. July 15 1975 - The Detroit Tigers name was trademark registered.1985 - Aldus PageMaker, the first desktop publishing program, was first shipped for sale to consumers, invented by Paul Brainard. July 16 1878 - Thaddeus Hyatt was granted a patent for reinforced concrete. July 17 1888 -  Granville Woods received a patent for the tunnel construction for electric railways. July 18 1950 - The patent for producing terramycin, an  antibiotic, was issued to its inventors Sobin, Finlay, and Kane. July 19 1921 - The name Breyers Ice Cream was trademark registered. July 20 1865 - The Patent Act of 1865 directed the Commissioner of Patents to turn over patent fees to the Treasury and meet expenses through congressional appropriations, restructuring the department again. July 21 1875 - Mark Twains novel The Adventure of Tom Sawyer was copyright registered.1984 - The first robot-related fatality in the United States occurred when a factory robot in Jackson, Michigan, crushed a 34-year-old worker against a safety bar. July 22 1873 - Louis Pasteur received a patent for the manufacture of beer and treatment of yeast, which would later influence his discovery of the process known as pasteurization. July 23 1906 - The song America the Beautiful was copyright registered by Katharine Lee Bates.1872 - Jonathan Hoyt patented an improved lamp. July 24 1956 - A patent for an oral form of the antibiotic Penicillin was granted to Ernst Brandl and Hans Margreiter. July 25 1876 - Emily Tassey was granted a patent for an apparatus for raising sunken vessels. July 26 1994 -  Design patent #349,137 for a toy teddy bear was granted to Josef Gottstein. July 27 1960 - The first episode of The Andy Griffith Show was copyright registered.1921 - Canadian scientists Frederick Banting and Charles Best first isolated insulin, and within a year, the first human sufferers of diabetes were receiving insulin treatments. July 28 1885 - The ready light or taper was patented by John Mitchell. July 29 1997 - Design patent #381,781 for a swimming pool leaf and debris removal net was granted to Ross Clay. July 30 1933 - The Monopoly board game was copyright registered, and Carles Darrow, the inventor, became the first millionaire game designer after he sold his patent to Parker Brothers. July 31 1790 - Samuel Hopkins was issued the first U.S. patent for manufacturing potash. July Birthdays From the birthday of Georg Christoph Lichtenberg, the German physicist who discovered branching electric discharges inside electricity insulating materials, to the birthday of John Ericsson, who invented the screw propeller for ships, a number of great inventors and idea-makers were born in the month of July. Find out who shares your July birthday below: July 1 1742 - German  physicist  and  educator Georg Christoph Lichtenberg was known for discovering treelike patterns called Lichtenberg figures. He was known for what he called waste books, which were the detailed  notebooks  that he kept full of quotes, sketches,  and  stories.1818 -  Ignaz Semmelweis, a Hungarian  physician, was made famous for realizing that many diseases were contagious and could be drastically reduced by enforcing appropriate hand-washing behavior by medical  caregivers.1872 - Louis Bleriot was  a French aviator, inventor, and engineer; the first man to fly  an airplane  across the English  Channel, and the first to invent a working monoplane.1904 - Mary Calderone was a physician and the founder of Planned Parenthood.1908 - Estee Lauder is famous for founding Estee Lauder cosmetics, one of the most popular brands of makeup in the world. July 2 1847 - Marcel Bertrand was a French mine engineer who founded tectonic geology and formulated the orogenic wave theory of mountain-building.1888 -  Selman Waksman  was an American biochemist and microbiologist who researched organic substances and their decomposition that led to his discovery of Streptomycin and other antibiotics, for which he received the Nobel Prize in 1951.1905 - Jean Rene Lacoste was a French  designer who used  a crocodile  logo on his Lacoste shirts when he introduced them in 1929. Also a tennis player, Jean Rene Lacoste won the U.S. Open in 1926.1906 -  Hans Bethe  was a physicist  who contributed to quantum electrodynamics, nuclear physics, solid-state physics, and particle astrophysics. He was the director of the theoretical division at the Los Alamos laboratory and helped invent the first  atomic bombs, receiving  a Nobel Prize in 1967.1932 - Dave Thomas was the founder of Wendys  Restaurants chain of fast-food restaurants. July 3 1883 - Alfred Korzybski was a Polish  scientist who formulated the theory of semantics. July 4 1753 - Jean Pierre Francois Blanchard was a French balloonist who made the first aerial crossing of the English Channel and made the first balloon flight in North America1776 - The birth of the United States. The Declaration of Independence was signed, officially separating the United States from the United Kingdom.1847 - James Anthony Bailey was a circus promoter who co-started the  Barnum and Bailey Circus.1883 -  Rube Goldberg  was an American inventor, engineer, and a Pulitzer  Prize-winning  political cartoonist famous for the Rube Goldberg machine, which uses a series of moving parts to perform simple tasks.1885 - Louis B. Mayer was a motion-picture executive who founded the Hollywood film studio  Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) and invented the star system of actors. July 5 1794 -  Sylvester Graham  invented the graham cracker.1810 - Phineas Taylor Barnum was a circus promoter who co-started the  Barnum Bailey Circus.1867 - Andrew Ellicott Douglass invented the  dendrochronology method thats used for tree-ring dating.1891 - John Northrop was an American biochemist who crystallized several enzymes and won the Nobel Prize in 1946.1904 - Ernst Mayr was a German  biologist who formulated the biological species concept. July 6 1884 - Harold Vanderbilt was known for inventing the game of contract bridge. July 7 1752 - Joseph Marie Jacquard invented the  Jacquard loom  that weaved complex designs.1922 - Pierre Cardin was a French fashion designer who invented the unisex look. July 8 1838  -  Ferdinand von Zeppelin  invented the  rigid airship.1893 - Fritz Perls invented Gestalt therapy. July 9 1802 -  Thomas Davenport  invented the first completely electric motor.1819 -  Elias Howe  invented the first American-patented sewing machine.1856 -  Nikola Tesla  was a  Croatian electrical engineer who invented the radio, X-rays, vacuum tube amplifier, alternating current,  Tesla Coil, and more, completely reshaping the world of electrical engineering, even to this day.1911 - John Archibald Wheeler was born in Florida, a theoretical physicist who coined the terms black hole and wormhole. July 10 1879 -  Harry Nicholls Holmes  was  a chemist  who crystallized vitamin A.1902 - Kurt Alder was a German chemist who formulated the Diels-Alder reaction and won a Nobel Prize in 1950.1917 - Don Herbert was an American television personality who was Mr. Wizard on a science show called Mr. Wizards World (1983–1990).1920 - Owen Chamberlain was an American physicist who discovered antiprotons and a subatomic antiparticle, and won the Nobel Prize in 1959. July 11 1838  -  John Wanamaker  invented one of the first (if not the first) true department store, the first White Sale, the first modern price tags, and the first in-store restaurant. He also pioneered the use of money-back guarantees and newspaper ads to advertise his retail goods. July 12 1730 - Josiah Wedgwood, an England pottery designer, and manufacturer, invented the technique for making Wedgwood china and industrialized the manufacturing of pottery.1849 - William Osler was a Canada physician who is considered a father of modern medicine and wrote about the circulatory system.1854 -  George Eastman  was an American inventor who invented the Kodak camera and rolled photographic film.1895 -  Buckminster Fuller  was an American  architect who invented the geodesic dome.1913 - Willis Lamb was an American physicist who discovered how electrons behave in the hydrogen atom and who won the Nobel Prize in 1955. July 13 1826 - Stanislao Cannizzaro was an Italian  chemist who formulated the reaction of Cannizzaro.1944 -  Erno Rubik  was a Hungarian inventor who invented the Rubiks cube. July 14 1857 -  Frederick Maytag  invented the Maytag washing machine.1874 - Andre Debierne was a French chemist who discovered the element actinium.1918  -  Jay Forrester  was a digital  computer pioneer who invented core memory.1921 - Geoffrey Wilkinson was an English chemist who pioneered inorganic chemistry, invented Wilkinsons catalyst, discovered the structure of ferrocene, and won a Nobel Prize in 1973.1924 - James Whyte Black was a Scottish doctor and pharmacologist who invented propranolol, synthesized cimetidine, and won a Nobel Prize in 1988. July 15 1817 - John Fowler was an English engineer who built the London Metropolitan Railway. July 16 1704 -  John Kay  was an English machinist who invented the flying shuttle that improved looms.1801 -  Julius Plucker  was a German mathematician and physicist who formulated Plucker formulas and was the first person to identify Cathode rays.1888  -  Frits Zernike  invented the phase-contrast microscope that allowed for the study of colorless and transparent biological materials; he won the Nobel Prize in 1953.1907 - Orville Redenbacher invented and sold Orville Redenbachers Gourmet Popcorn.   July 17 1920 -  Gordon Gould  was an American physicist made famous for inventing the laser. July 18 1635 -  Robert Hooke  was an English physicist and the first person to see micrographia by using a microscope.1853 - Hendrik Lorentz was a Dutch physicist who discovered and explained the Zeeman effect and derived the transformation equations used by  Albert Einstein  to describe space and time. Lorentz won the Nobel Prize in 1902. July 19 1814 -  Samuel Colt  was an American gunmaker who invented the Colt revolver.1865 - Charles Horace Mayo was an American  surgeon who started the Mayo  Clinic. July 20 1897 -  Tadeusz Reichstein  won the Nobel Prize in 1950 and was a Swiss  chemist who invented a method to artificially synthesize vitamin C.1947  -  Gerd Binnig  was a 1986 Nobel Prize winner and German physicist who invented the scanning tunneling microscope that could view individual atoms. July 21 1620 - Jean Picard was a French astronomer who first accurately measured the length of a degree of a meridian (longitude line) and from that computed the size of the Earth.1810 - Henri Victor Regnault was a French physicist and chemist  known  for his research on the thermal properties of gasses as well as a photographer who invented the use of pyrogallic acid as a developing agent.1923 - Rudolph Marcus was a Canadian chemist who formulated the Marcus theory of electron-transfer reactions in chemical systems and who won a Nobel Prize in 1992. July 22 1822 - Gregor Mendel was the geneticist  who discovered the laws of heredity through experimentation in his garden.1844 - William Archibald Spooner invented spoonerisms, a play on words wherein the first letters of two words are  switched, often to humorous effect.1887 - Gustav Hertz was a German quantum physicist who experimented with inelastic electron collisions in gasses known as the Franck–Hertz experiments and who won a Nobel Prize in 1925.1908 - Amy Vanderbilt might be the inventor of etiquette and wrote the Complete Book of Etiquette. July 23 1827 - Pieter Caland was a Dutch hydraulic engineer who built the New Waterway of Rotterdam.1828 - Jonathan Hutchinson was an English surgeon who was the first to describe the medical signs  of  congenital syphilis. July 24 1898  -  Amelia Earhart  was an American aviator who was the first woman to pilot across the Atlantic; she disappeared during one of her trans-Atlantic flights. July 25 1795 - James Barry was a female disguised as a man who became the surgeon general of the British army.1866 - Frederick Frost Blackman was an English plant physiologist who wrote the 1905 paper Optima and Limiting Factors, in which he demonstrated that where a process depends on a number of independent factors, the rate at which it can take place is limited by the rate of the slowest factor. July 26 1799 - Isaac Babbitt invented babbitts metal used in engine bearings.1860 - Philippe Jean Bunau-Varilla was a French  engineer who helped build the Panama Canal.1875 - Carl Jung was a Swiss  psychologist who invented analytical psychology, known as Jungian psychology, who greatly influenced later works of many psychologists around the world.1894 - Aldous Huxley was the English science fiction author who wrote Brave New World.1919 - James Ephraim Lovelock was an English scientist and futurist known for proposing the Gaia hypothesis, in which he postulates that the Earth functions as a kind of superorganism. July 27 1848 - Roland Baron von Eà ¶tvà ¶s  was a Hungarian  physicist who formulated the concept of molecular surface tension and the Eà ¶tvà ¶s torsion balance.1938 - Gary Gygax was an American game designer who co-invented the Dungeons Dragons role-playing game. July 28 1907 - Earl Silas Tupper invented Tupperware. July 29 1891 - Bernhard Zondek was a German  gynecologist who invented the first reliable pregnancy test in 1928. July 30 1863 -  Henry Ford  was an American automaker who invented the Model T Ford.1887 - Felix Andries Vening Meinesz was a Dutch geophysicist who invented a precise method for measuring gravity called the gravimeter. The gravimeter allowed for a precise  measure  of gravity at sea, which led Meinesz to discover gravity anomalies above the ocean floor due to continental drift.1889 -  Vladimir Zworykin  was a Russian electronics engineer who invented an electronic television system. July 31 1803  -  John Ericsson  was an American inventor of the screw propeller for ships.1918 - Paul D. Boyer was an American biochemist and Nobel Prize winner in 1997.1919 - Primo Levi was an Italian chemist turned writer best known for his autobiography, Survival in Auschwitz.

THE CRAB essays

THE CRAB essays Evolution, there has been continous discussion about this subject. Until the time of Darwin, over 130 years ago, most scientists commonaly considered the living animals and humans to be the evidence of one divine creator; God. However, Darwin claimed that the apes are the ancestors of the humans, which is accepted as evolution, and since then the scientists, religous comunities and the people, who have different thoughts about evolution, are trying to find out which one is correct. Are we descendants of apes or not? This question and the nonsense race between the two arrogant groups to justify their thoughts seem to be last forever. Although there are some similarities between humans and apes, like walking up-right on two feet and toolmaking, the differences such us anatomical structure, language conceptual and genetics are the points that the anty-Darwinists stress on. The scientists have identified some modulation in human evolutionary history. The development of the two-legged walking is one of the major similarities. Standing up-right in an environment gives them the chance to scan the horizon for predators or let them use their hands in order to carry something around. The second major similarity is tool making. The invention of tool making has occurred approximately 2,5 million years ago. Both of apes and humanlike creatures have used the stones and bones in order to get food. That act was particularly to make the stones and other objects handy rather than just finding useful ones. In their article Up From The Apes which published in Time Magazine Michael D. Lemonick and Andrea Dorfman informs that the invention of toolmaking - the purposeful craftsmen on stone implements rather than just picking up handy rocks - and the transition to meat eating (pg, 26, Time, August 23, 1999) However, hominids were able to devise more sophisticated and diverse tools rather than apes that ...