Essay about Abraham Lincoln and Slavery during the Civil War

Abraham Lincoln once said, â€Å"I claim not to have controlled events, but confess plainly that events have controlled me† (â€Å"Letter to Albert G. Hodges† 281 as qtd. in R.J. Norton 1). In accordance with his quote, when President Lincoln issued the unprecedented Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, Lincoln freed slaves in the Southern states, but he and his actions were being controlled by Civil War. The Civil War was fought between 1861 and 1865 between the Northern states, or the Union, and the Southern states, or the Confederacy. On September 22, 1862, in the midst of the Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln put forth a Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation (Tackach 45). The document stated that after January 1, 1863, slaves†¦show more content†¦The Emancipation Proclamation itself answers the question, stating that Lincoln was freeing the Southerners’ slaves, â€Å"upon military necessity† (â€Å"The Emancipation Proclamationâ⠂¬  as qtd. in Klingaman 232). Lincoln freed Southern slaves, â€Å"as a fit and necessary war measure for suppressing†¦ rebellion† (â€Å"The Emancipation Proclamation† as qtd. in Klingaman 231). President Lincoln took advantage of his position as Commander-in-Chief of the United States, as well as his ability to act without Congress’ consent, and issued the Emancipation Proclamation for military reasons (Heinrichs 15). Lincoln knew that the proclamation would prove to be a useful tool of defense during the fierce Civil War. It can only be concluded that Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation for somewhat selfish reasons, as to increase the North’s chances of victory in the Civil War. By issuing a document that freed slaves, the North could undoubtedly gain foreign allies, and at the same time deprive the South of their foreign support. Great Britain was supportive of the South’s secession from the Union because Britain relied on the South’s cotton (Tackach 43). Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts claimed to Lincoln that since Great Britain was anti-slavery, if Lincoln would change the Civil War’s main focus to slavery, the abolitionist North would gain Britain’s support (Tackach 43). By issuing the EmancipationShow MoreRelatedEssay on Abraham Lincoln - the Greatest President1069 Words   |  5 PagesAbraham Lincoln There have been forty four U.S. presidents over the past two hundred and twenty years. What president has served the best for our country? None other than Abraham Lincoln. Abraham Lincoln is the greatest president ever because he did great things such as ending slavery, getting the us through the Civil War, and helped our country a lot. The American Civil War was a war between the Southern states and the Confederate states. 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Sigmund Freud. Briana Gates. Mr. Wiles. Psyc 43101-01

Sigmund Freud Briana Gates Mr. Wiles PSYC 43101-01: History and Systems of Psychology February 25, 2017 On May 6, 1856, a baby by the name of Sigmund Freud was born, in a what is now known as the Czech Republic (Schultz Schultz, 2012). After moving around a bit, Freud eventually settled in Vienna, and spent most his life there. It is without question that Sigmund Freud is a well-known name, and that he can be considered the father of what is known as psychoanalysis, seeing as how he even developed the term (Schultz Schultz, 2012). Freud was always considered a very bright young man, eventually learning eight different languages, and starting high school at a young age. He started going to the University of Vienna in†¦show more content†¦With free association encouragement of open free talking is asked of the patient, who is instructed to lie down on a couch, and express any and every thought (Schultz Schultz, 2012). The whole goal is to bring anything to light that has been repressed, because the repression is believed to cause the odd or abnormal behavior (Schultz Sch ultz, 2012). From his sessions with patients Freud discovered that the root of the abnormal behavior for many patients involved sexual matters (Schultz Schultz, 2012). Due to his own lack of sexual activity and the frustrations and conditions that arose from abstaining Freud ended up analyzing himself by dream analysis (Schultz Schultz, 2012). â€Å"Dream analysis is a psychotherapeutic technique involving the interpretation of dreams to uncover unconscious conflicts,† (Schultz Schultz, 2012). â€Å"It’s a psychological phenomenon without intentional value in itself, but rather a facade that acquires meaning only in relation to the dreamer’s waking life,† (Montenegro, 2015). From Freud’s own dream analysis, a now well-known theory was formed known as the Oedipus complex. One of Freud’s most famous books emerged from his dream analysis as well, known as The Interpretation of Dreams (Schultz Schultz, 2012). Freud eventually had a win ning streak so to speak, in the early 1900’s, and during these years he was asked to come to the United States and be a guest speaker at Clark University (Shultz Schultz, 2012). After these

Creating False Memories Remembering Words †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Explain On Creating False Memories Remembering Words? Answer: Introducation Aim of the research was to investigate false recall in a standard list learning paradigm. The aim of Experiment 1 was to replicate Deese's (1959) observations of false recall by using six lists that produced among the highest levels of erroneous recall in his experiments, along with in-depth purpose in experiment 2. Bartlett (1932) conducted primary experimental investigations of false memories, where he showed distortions in subjects memories to recall the memory, but no aggregate data have been reported. On the other hand, Wheeler and Roediger (1992) revealed that over repeated tests in short delay, false memory can be improved. Underwood (1965) provided a method to study false recognition of words in lists. Gillund and Shiffrin (1984) did not find a false recognition result for semantically related lures in similar paradigm. A potential exception was found in the study of Deese (1959), revealing false recall in a standard list learning paradigm. In experiment 1, participants were 36 and in experiment 2 30 participants were included in the study. The six lists from the materials used in the study were included from Deeses (1959) article. Authors selected 6 targets, which gave highest intrusion rates in Deeses test, with one exception; these are needle, chair, rough, sleep, mountain, and sweet. For every critical word, the corresponding list has been conducted by getting the initial associates according to Russell and Jenkins's (1954) word association norms. On the other hand, for the 42 item recognition test, 12 studied and 30 non-studied items. Three types of non-studied items were the 6 critical target words, 12 words unrelated to the six list items and 12 words weakly related to the lists. Next, weekly related words from 13th position have been drawn along with the association norms. The test sequence was constructed in blocks, i.e. 7 items per block, where every block is related t the study list and the blocks order represented the order of studying the lists. During regular class meeting, test subjects were tested in a group. Instruction was given that they have to listen to some list of words and have to write those based on memory, in examination booklets. They had to follow the order of writing words, last to first ones. They were told not to guess and write only those words, upon which they had confidence. In this context, authors read aloud with 1 word per 1.5 seconds rate and instructed to recall after completion of every list. Participants got 2.5 min to recall the list. Prior instructing for recognition list and after completing the 6th list, a brief conversation for 2-3 mins were done, followed by instructed about another test, where they have to point words in a sheet that these were surely in the list. Finally, participants were asked to elevate their hand, if they recognized critical lures and six target items in the test (Roediger McDermott, 1995). There were four reasons provided for conducting experiment 2 in the current research. First, authors wanted to duplicate and make bigger the recall and recognition results of experiment 1 in a wider context; second they wished to test the effect of recall on the recognition test. Third, it was critical to reveal the false alarm rates for critical non-presented items, in case the relevant list is not presented previously. The fourth and the most important reason for conducting experiment 2 that has been highlighted by the authors was to gain the view of judgment of subjects regarding their phenomenological experience, associated with recognition of non-presented items (Roediger McDermott, 1995). In experiment 2, authors aimed to make a further judgement for each item judged by the subjects; i.e. whether they can remember or they know these items in the study list. Remember was defined as the experience, where the participant is able to relive the experience. On the other hand, know judgement was developed in case, where participants have enough confidence regarding the presence of the subjects in the previous study list, but are unable to re-experience the occurrence. Therefore, it can be said that the remember judgements include a mental reliving of memory, whereas know judgement do not include such phenomenon (Roediger McDermott, 1995). In experiment 2, remember-know judgements had been used for observing whether participants, recognizing the critical nonpresented words might report the remember experience, indicating these as the mentally re-experiencing events, which never appeared. The results in experiment 1 revealed that in high confidence response, subjects were sure about critical non-studied items had been studied more than half time, when the rate of unrelated as well as weakly related critical lures were falling into the category approaching zero. In this context, the hit rate was still high, which was higher than the false-alarm rate for each critical lures. The results also showed that the judgements provided by subjects for the critical lures were similar to the studied items compared to the other types of lures. These results confirmed the Deese (1959) results. Overall, two experiments were done, which gained significant level of false recall as well as false recognition in a list learning paradigm. In experiment 1, on immediate free recall tests, 40 % recall of time was reported in non-presented associates and was later recognized with high confidence. On the other hand, experiment 2 revealed false recall rate of 55 % was obtained on a recognition test and expanded set of lists. Participants produced false alarms to these items at a comparable rate with hit rate. Overall, the study revealed a critical illusion of memory has been found (Roediger McDermott, 1995) From the prior research, the author stated that the false reorganization affect the participants where as the prior research stated that it does not affect the participants. The five category people were listed in the experiment, whereas false reorganization is about 8% and non category members are 35%. From the associative processes, error can occur on the recall as well as reorganization in the memory. To increase the tendency of producing the false alarms different models like SAM model was used that helped in the prior research (Roediger McDermott, 1995). The author has shown that the false recognition is related to the indirect implication of the issues in real life. However, from the introduction, it is seen that the effects can be small in the magnitude. From the experiment it is found that the results are similar with the previous work of 1960s and 1970s. The experiments showed the false recall in the paradigm, which w2as predicted by probability in the free association tests. The false memories may await the systematic experimental study (Roediger McDermott, 1995). However, some of the experiments showed that some of the false recall did not elicit individuals. Long term memory refers to the phase and the types of memory that is responsible to store the information for the comprehensive period of time. In the long term memory, memories are stored for the long period of time and people can recognize the old things (Cermak, 2014). As the memory stored in the long term memory sector, people can recognize the incident for the several period of time. Long term memory is of two types that are semantic memory and the episodic memory. The systematic memory is the idea and the concept, which is not related to the personal memory. Episodic memory is related to the personal memory, in which people can recognize the particular incidence of the personal things (Hasson, Chen Honey, 2015). Example of episodic memory is remembering the name of people and the last interaction with that person. On the other hand, semantic memory is reorganization of the meaning of some words or remembering the fractions and mathematical solutions. Particular incidences like any type of accidents can be stored in the memories of people, which are known as the long term memory. The semantic memory does not depend on the context memory. The abstract of the article does not concise the aim and the purpose of the study. Moreover, the abstract does not state the research hypothesis, research design, research result and the implication of the result. However, the abstract provided the idea of the discussion as it stated about two experiments. The rates of the false recalls are stated in the abstract. The abstract does not have the key word list that used while search. On the 5- point rating scale that is ranged from 1 to 5, it can be said that the abstract is poor and can be rated 1. The reason of such rating is that the abstract did not state the aim of the study as well as the research hypothesis and research design. Reference List Bartlett, F. C. (1932). Remembering: A study in experimental and social psychology. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press Cermak, L. S. (Ed.). (2014).Human memory and amnesia (PLE: Memory)(Vol. 4). Psychology Press. Deese, J. (1959). On the prediction of occurrence of particular verbal intrusions in immediate recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 58, 17-22 Gillund, G., Shiffrin, R. M. (1984). A retrieval model for both recognition and recall. Psychological Review, 91, 1-67. Hasson, U., Chen, J., Honey, C. J. (2015). Hierarchical process memory: memory as an integral component of information processing.Trends in cognitive sciences,19(6), 304-313. Roediger, H. L., McDermott, K. B. (1995). Creating false memories: Remembering words not presented in lists.Journal of experimental psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition,21(4), 803. Russell, W. A., Jenkins, J. J. (1954). The complete Minnesota norms for responses to 100 words from the Kent-Rosanoff Word Association Test. (Tech. Rep. No. 11, Contract N8 ONR 66216, Office of Naval Research). University of Minnesota Underwood, B. J. (1965). False recognition produced by implicit verbal responses. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 70, 122-129. Wheeler, M. A., Roediger, H. L., III. (1992). Disparate effects of repeated testing: Reconciling Ballard's (1913) and Bartlett's (1932) results. Psychological Science, 3, 240-245

Archetypes in Star Wars Essay Example For Students

Archetypes in Star Wars Essay Community service: help in the community performed as part of a sentence, such as assisting with a community cleanup or food bank Criminal record: a armament record of breaking the law, which is public information. A criminal record can bar you from jobs Sentence: A consequence for a crime, such as imprisonment, determined by a court of law. YWCA: Youth Offenders CRIMINAL CODE: Adult Offenders Deals with 12-17 year olds Deals with adults Allows some yolk offenders to face consequences such as community service. Makes going to court the usual consequence for breaking a law. Prohibits adult sentences for youth 12 to 14 years of age. Allows adult sentences for young people 14 years of age and older who have committed serious crimes, Defines dull sentences, which can include long periods of imprisonment for some crimes Protects the privacy of young offenders. News media may not publish their names unless they have an adult sentence. Allows the publication of offenders names. Allows most young offenders to avoid a criminal record. Creates a criminal record for most offenders. What factors determine the consequences young offenders face? The seriousness of the offence. For example, a violent offence is more serious than a non violent offence. The history of the young person. Some who has been n trouble before may face more serious consequences than a first time offender. The attitude of the young person. A young person who takes responsibilities for their actions will face less serious consequences than one who doesnt. The circumstances of the young person. What are the objectives of the YWCA? The youth criminal justice system is intended to 1. Prevent crime by addressing the circumstances Lingering a young persons behavior, for example, a young person may need counseling for alcohol or drug abuse, or help coping with a family situation. . Rehabilitate young persons who commit offences and reintegrate them into society. This means providing young offenders with the skills to make positive choices in the future, and to help them find positive ways to participate in their community- for example by joining a sports team or a community action group. 3. Ensure that a young person is subject to meaningful consequences for his o r her offence to promote the long term protection of society. 4. The youth criminal justice system must be separate from that Of adults and recognize their level Of maturity. What is a jury? Under the YWCA, a person of 14 years of age or older may choose to be tried by a judge and jury for certain serious offences, such as assault or murder. For these offences, juries always have 12 people and all 12 people must agree on the verdict. Anyone who is 18 years of age is eligible for jury duty, but cannot have a criminal record If you are summoned to jury duty, it is your responsibility to arrive on time. You must have your own transportation Employers must give you days off, but dont have to pay you. People can be excused from jury duty if they can express undue hardship. What do justice advocacy groups do? What are advocacy groups? Canada has 2 major citizen-led organizations involved in the justice system: the John Howard Society and the Elizabeth Pry Society. These organizations furor independently from the government. They try to solve underlying reasons for crime. They provide public education about laws and the justice system, including the YWCA They help rehabilitate youth and adults They advocate for the rights of youth and adults accused of crimes They call for measures to improve the fairness Of the justice system for people accused Of crimes and those harmed by crimes. .u5dfb66dc955da27938cbdaa10b60dc12 , .u5dfb66dc955da27938cbdaa10b60dc12 .postImageUrl , .u5dfb66dc955da27938cbdaa10b60dc12 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5dfb66dc955da27938cbdaa10b60dc12 , .u5dfb66dc955da27938cbdaa10b60dc12:hover , .u5dfb66dc955da27938cbdaa10b60dc12:visited , .u5dfb66dc955da27938cbdaa10b60dc12:active { border:0!important; } .u5dfb66dc955da27938cbdaa10b60dc12 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5dfb66dc955da27938cbdaa10b60dc12 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5dfb66dc955da27938cbdaa10b60dc12:active , .u5dfb66dc955da27938cbdaa10b60dc12:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5dfb66dc955da27938cbdaa10b60dc12 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5dfb66dc955da27938cbdaa10b60dc12 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5dfb66dc955da27938cbdaa10b60dc12 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5dfb66dc955da27938cbdaa10b60dc12 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5dfb66dc955da27938cbdaa10b60dc12:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5dfb66dc955da27938cbdaa10b60dc12 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5dfb66dc955da27938cbdaa10b60dc12 .u5dfb66dc955da27938cbdaa10b60dc12-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5dfb66dc955da27938cbdaa10b60dc12:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Psycho, the greatest film of all time? EssayThe Elizabeth Fry Society focuses on justice issues for women and girls. The John Howard Society works With everybody. What role do elders have in the justice system? Under the YWCA, young people can face consequences for the Youth Justice Committee. These committee exist in communities where volunteers agree to work with young offenders. YES reflect the ideas of sentencing circles. These came from Aboriginal history, and reflects their their consequences such as banishment. They believe that breaking a lava harms the whole community, and that the community must be involved with solution.

Problem Set Seven Solutions free essay sample

Two car manufacturers, Saab and Volvo, have fixed costs of $1 billion and constant marginal costs of $10,000 per car. If Saab produces 50,000 cars per year and Volvo produces 200,000, calculate the average fixed cost and average total cost for each company. On the basis of these costs, which company’s market share should grow in relative terms? Answer: Average total cost is average fixed cost plus marginal cost: ATC = FC/Q + MC. Volvo’s average fixed cost $1 billion/200,000 = 5,000 is much less than Saab’s average fixed cost $1 billion/50,000 = 20,000 due to producing more cars. Volvo’s average production cost $15,000 is lower than Saab’s of $30,000 by the difference in average fixed costs. Volvo’s market share should grow relative to Saab’s. 6. What is the socially desirable price for a natural monopoly to charge? Why will a natural monopoly that attempts to charge the socially optimal price invariably suffer an economic loss? Answer: The socially desirable price to charge is the one at which the marginal benefit to consumers equals the marginal cost of production. We will write a custom essay sample on Problem Set Seven Solutions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, natural monopolies usually have very large fixed costs and relatively low marginal costs. The high fixed costs mean that average cost is greater than marginal cost, so that charging a price equal to marginal cost implies economic losses. 8. Suppose that Aggieland Cinema is a local monopoly whose demand curve for regular adult tickets on Saturday night is P = 12 2Q, where P is the price of a ticket in dollars and Q is the number of tickets sold in hundreds.   The demand for student tickets on Sunday afternoon is P = 8 3Q, and for regular adult tickets on Sunday afternoon, P = 10 4Q. On both Saturday night and Sunday afternoon, the marginal cost of an additional patron, student or not, is $2. What is the marginal revenue curve in each of the three markets? Answer: The marginal revenue curves are MR = 12 4Q adult Saturday night, MR = 8 6Q student Sunday afternoon, and MR = 10 8Q adult Sunday afternoon. b. What price should the cinema charge in each of the three markets to maximize profits? Answer: The cinema should pick quantity to set marginal revenue equal to marginal cost in each market and then set price for that quantity based on the demand curve for each market: 12 4Q = 2 yields Q = 250, so P = 12 2Q = 12 5 = $7 for regular adults on Saturday night. 6Q = 2 yields Q = 100, so P = 8 3Q = 8 3 = $5 for students on Sunday afternoon. 10 8Q = 2 yields Q = 100, so P = 10 4Q = 10 4 = $6 for regular adults on Sunday afternoon. 9. Suppose you are a monopolist in the market for a specific video game. Your demand curve is given by P = 80 Q/2, and your marginal cost curve is MC = Q. Your fixed costs equal $400. a. Graph the demand and marginal cost curve. b. Derive and graph (above) the marginal revenue curve. Answer: MR = 80 Q graphed above. c. Calculate and indicate on the graph the equilibrium price and quantity. Answer: Pick quantity to set marginal revenue equal to marginal cost: 80 Q = Q so Q = 40. Set price for that quantity based on the demand curve P = 80 Q/2 = 80 40/2 = 80 20 = 60. d. What is your profit? Answer: Total revenue is price times quantity TR = PQ = (60)(40) = 2400. Total cost is fixed cost plus average marginal cost times quantity TC = 400 + (40)(40)/2 = 400 + 800 = 1200. Profit = total revenue total cost = 2400 1200 = 1200. e. What is the level of consumer surplus? Answer: Consumer surplus is (1/2)(80 60)(40) = 400. 10. Beth is a second-grader who sells lemonade on a street corner in your neighborhood. Each cup of lemonade costs Beth 20 cents to produce; she has no fixed costs. The reservation prices for the 10 people who walk by Beth’s lemonade stand each hour are listed in the table below. Beth knows the distribution of reservation prices (that is, she knows one person is willing to pay $1. 00, another $0. 90, and so on), but does not know any specific individual’s reservation price. a. Calculate the marginal revenue of selling an additional cup of lemonade. Start by figuring out the price Beth would charge if she produced only one cup of lemonade, and calculate the total revenue; then find the price she would charge if she sold two cups of lemonade; and so on. ) Person Reservation price Quantity in cups Total revenue Marginal revenue A B C D E F G H I J $1. 00 $0. 90 $0. 80 $0. 70 $0. 60 $0. 50 $0. 40 $0. 30 $0. 20 $0. 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 $1. 00 $1. 80 $2. 40 $2. 80 $3. 00 $3. 00 $2. 80 $2. 40 $1. 80 $1. 00 $1. 00 $0. 80 $0. 60 $0. 40 $0. 20 $0 -$0. 20 -$0. 40 -$0. 60 -$0. 80 b. What is Beth’s profit-maximizing price and quantity? Answer: MR = MC at a price of $0. 60 and a quantity of 5 cups. c. At that price, what are Beth’s economic profit and total consumer surplus? Answer: Profit = (P MC) Q = (0. 60 0. 20) 5 = $2. Consumer surplus is reservation price minus actual price for each cup sold: ($1. 00 $0. 60) + ($0. 90 $0. 60) + ($0. 80 $0. 60) + ($0. 70 $0. 60) = $1. d. What price should Beth charge if she wants to maximize total economic surplus? What quantity would she sell? How much would total economic surplus be? Answer: She should set P = MC = $0. 20. Nine (or eight) cups of lemonade would be sold. Total economic surplus is reservation price minus marginal cost for each cup sold: ($1. 00 $0. 20) + ($0. 90 $0. 20) + ($0. 80 $0. 20) + ($0. 70 $0. 20) + ($0. 60 $0. 20) + ($0. 50 $0. 20) + ($0. 40 $0. 20) + ($0. 30 $0. 20) = $3. 60. e. Now suppose Beth can tell the reservation price of each person. What price would she charge each person if she wanted to maximize profit? Compare her profit to the total surplus calculated in part d. Answer: She would charge persons A through I (but not J) their respective reservation prices. Doing so would earn a profit of $3. 60, which is the same as the total economic surplus in part d.

Free Essays on Agape Love

it would change the course of your relationship forever. But what is the true meaning of love? â€Å"The dictionary defines love as a feeling of strong personal attach-ment induced by sympathetic understanding or by ties of kindred; ardent affection for one’s children; man’s adoration for God; strong liking; fondness; good will, al love of learning; love of country.† (Bell, pg. 10) According to Bell all of these definitions convey the outward appearance of love. He says that when looking at love that we need to take an inventory of our feeling to find out if we are truly displaying the type of love that God calls agape love. Bell says we need to ask ourselves the following questions: Do I return love? In any relationship love is a two way street. A marriage or relationship will not last very long if only one person is showing love and the other is not responding in kind. As a matter of fact, a spiritual relationship works in pretty much the same way. Th e bible says that God first loved us, but if we do not return that love to Him the relationship may diminish. As a Christian we must first love the unsaved person just enough to go to them and share the good news of the gospel. Then after that person has received the gospel of Jesus it is then up to them to accept it and return the love by giving their life to Christ. â€Å"Ministry is the first stage of this exchange of love.† (Bell, Pg 11) The second question is: Do I try to force love? Since the beginning of time God has always given man a choice or free will. We have a free will to love Him. A free will to obey Him. And a free choice to do His will. As a matter of fact God does not even force His love upon us. Anytime... Free Essays on Agape Love Free Essays on Agape Love AGAPE LOVE (1 CORINTHIANS CH. 13) Reflective Paper New Testament Survey What is love? I remember a time when â€Å"I love you† was the hardest phrase to say to the person you really had feelings for because you knew when you said those words it would change the course of your relationship forever. But what is the true meaning of love? â€Å"The dictionary defines love as a feeling of strong personal attach-ment induced by sympathetic understanding or by ties of kindred; ardent affection for one’s children; man’s adoration for God; strong liking; fondness; good will, al love of learning; love of country.† (Bell, pg. 10) According to Bell all of these definitions convey the outward appearance of love. He says that when looking at love that we need to take an inventory of our feeling to find out if we are truly displaying the type of love that God calls agape love. Bell says we need to ask ourselves the following questions: Do I return love? In any relationship love is a two way street. A marriage or relationship will not last very long if only one person is showing love and the other is not responding in kind. As a matter of fact, a spiritual relationship works in pretty much the same way. The bible says that God first loved us, but if we do not return that love to Him the relationship may diminish. As a Christian we must first love the unsaved person just enough to go to them and share the good news of the gospel. Then after that person has received the gospel of Jesus it is then up to them to accept it and return the love by giving their life to Christ. â€Å"Ministry is the first stage of this exchange of love.† (Bell, Pg 11) The second question is: Do I try to force love? Since the beginning of time God has always given man a choice or free will. We have a free will to love Him. A free will to obey Him. And a free choice to do His will. As a matter of fact God does not even force His love upon us. Anytime...

The Sleaze Factor during the 1988 Presidential Campaign Term Paper

The Sleaze Factor during the 1988 Presidential Campaign - Term Paper Example In the 1984 presidential elections, the democrats had nominated Walter Mondale to lead them in the presidential race; he however failed to be elected. The democrats therefore devised new ways, which would help them win the next election. The democrats won back the senate after president Reagan was mentioned in involvement in Iran-contra, their hopes raised that they would win presidency (Kathleen). The party leaders recruited Mario Cuomo who chose not to run for the presidency. Gary Hart the Colorado senator had shown some interest in presidency, however questions concerning extramarital affairs arose and, this tarnished his name in the campaign. The media termed him as a reputed adulterer and wife beater. He however did not give up on his campaigns. Joe Biden was also part of the race in 1988 presidential elections but Neil Kinnock accused him of using his speech illegally with only slight alterations. This led him to withdraw from the presidential pursuit. Bush was tied to scandals from the Reagan administration, which included the Iran-contra; the Dukakis camp had attacked them (Lafeber 268). Governor Dukakis was criticized that he was uninformed on matters pertaining to the military. This move devastated his public relations; Bush used this to damage his campaigns and explained that he would not make a good commander-in-chief. Republican Willie Horton attacked Dukakis that he had failed to clean up the pollution on the harbor (Lafeber 269). Rumours also spread in the media that Dukakis wife had burned the American flag to protest against Vietnam War. 1.1 Impacts of the Sleaze Factor and the Role Played By Media The first man nominated by the democrats for the presidential race did not have the qualities to suit him to be in the Whitehouse. Many mocked him that his qualities would only make a Babylonian priest and not a president. American presidential elections have always relied on the use of patriotism the republicans had appealed that Michael Dukakis was not liberal and did not consider patriotism as an important factor. Al gore campaigned as a presidential aspirant as a democratic candidate in 1988, however, he did not succeed. He was highly criticized for attacking fellow politicians, Jackson and Dukakis. These accusations brought about political scandals, which damaged the reputations of the presidential candidates. Each candidate had a nasty thing to say about the others; this however, did no help them to win. It actually confused the voters who had a task in selecting the person who would represent them as their president. George bush however won the elections despite the fact that he was accused of being associated with the Iran-Contra affair. The media played a great role in the in the investigative reporting of dishonesty and scandals facing the presidential candidates. They act as public watchdogs representing the public interest. The 1988 presidential campaigns used media to tarnish each other’s names. The media te nds to focus so much on negative campaigning rather than positivity. Most of the politicians used attack advertisements as their political strategies; they were so prevalent that it was termed as the year of negativity. 1.2 Sleaze as a Form of Campaign

CNS Breathe Strip Marketing Strategy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

CNS Breathe Strip Marketing Strategy - Case Study Example The company has used prominent people in Japan, the United States, and in Italy as their public relations since they will have an impact on the consumer choices after being seen using the breathing strip. For example in Italy, they used a Valentino Rossi, who is a famous motor cycle racer to promote the breathing strip. Since people will want to emulate they people the find famous, they started using the breathing strip to take care of their breathing problems, and this increased sales for the product. The company also embarked on a campaign in all the countries it supplies the breathing strip to know the needs of consumers by conducting market research to know the consumer needs, for example, when it first introduced the strip in the united states, it was black and recorded high sales since it meant it should be used at night. However, when the same product was introduced in England, it had a negative impact since people there wanted it to come in a lighter color to indicate that it is helpful for breathing. This prompted the company to change the color of their product so that it can be tailored to meet the needs of the target market. CNS’s brand image is strong as many people around the world are using it, and this is owed to the company’s advertising strategies. The company has many markets, the price of the product is not the same in all the markets, and they consider the market constraints in the target market before setting the price. This implies that users of the breathing strip will be willing to pay for the product provided it treats their breathing problems regardless of the price. The company embarks on extensive advertising campaigns to ensure that consumers are aware of the product. The company uses television advertising to promote the use of the product in most of its market since it has a wide coverage, implying that the advertisement will reach a wide audience. It also has a large market at convenience shops meaning that people do not have to have a prescription in order to buy the breathing strips. Valentino Rossi increased awareness of the breathing strip in Europe, and he uses the strip for most of his racers and on the two occasions when he did not use the strip, he lost the races and since then he has been using the nasal strip. This was a big boost to the company’s sales since people all over Europe with breathing problems started using the strip to help them in breathing, and the company increased their sales. People‘s culture and their way of life are important considerations when determining the market approach to be used in a certain market. This is because the beliefs of people ought to be incorporated in the marketing approach to ensure that they respond positively to the company’s product. In New Zealand, rugby is one of the most treasured sport in the country, and this means that the marketing approach for CNS would have to include some aspect of the game. Rugby is deeply rooted in the society and their national rugby team would be a good base for the marketing campaign. CNS could use one of the prominent players of the All Blacks team to market the product. Since the

Early Human Evolution Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Early Human Evolution - Research Paper Example This particular species is the longest lived and most recognizable of all human ancestors, they lived between, approximately, 3.85 and 2.94 million years ago In fact, the species may have lived for nearly 900,000 years, which makes them a prominent species for 4 times longer than modern man has existed (Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History). Australopithecus afarensis was only a 1/3 the size in comparison to modern human’s today. It has characteristics of both human and ape ancestry. They possessed flat noses, thick, protruding lower jaws, a small brain, long curved fingers, and long legs that had adapted to upright walking. By studying their dentition we can learn about the kinds of foods they were adapted to eat and what foods they may have actually been eating. Researchers are confident that Australopithecus afarensis survived on a primarily plant-based diet, consisting mostly of leaves, seeds, roots, and nuts, however they might occasionally consume insects and small vertebrates like lizards. (Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History). Australopithecus afarensis represented a unique bridge between the times when human ancestors began to walk upright. They had the ability to both walk bipedally, but also the ability to efficient climb and maneuver in the trees (Choi 1). In 1974 the first nearly intact sk eleton of Australopithecus afarensis was discovered. The female fossils, found in the Hadar region of Ethiopia, were given the name Lucy and she became the quintessential example of human evolution, inspiring a book, â€Å"Lucy: The Origins of Mankind† that introduced the ideas of human evolution to the mass public. (Hirst). Other famous finds have included the â€Å"Dikika,† or child skeleton and the Laetoli find, which included fossils, but, also, the first bipedal footprints ever found. Like human beings today, our most ancient ancestors were highly adaptable to their environments, so

Good And Bad Qualities Of Animation

Good And Bad Qualities Of Animation Aesthetic refers to beauty or to the study of the principles of beauty, especially in art. By studying and comparing the aesthetic qualities of the early and current animated films, we can learn the good and bad qualities of animation in the two different eras. We will also compare the similarities and differences using examples of techniques, treatments and technology used in different animated films from cel animation to computer generated imagery animation. Form and shape design of the character for animation The animated films in the past and the present both follow one rule, which is to keep the design of the characters simple and easy for animation. Thomas, B. (1991) states that, during the twenties, there most studios were persistently using the Circle Formula and the Rubber-hose Method as it was the quickest way to draw a character for their productions. Animators need not worry about the angles when animating as the drawing were mostly circles and lines. The arms and legs moved like rubber hoses as there were no elbows, knees and wrists on the character. Therefore using the Circle Formula and the Rubber-hose methods allowed animators to draw each frame faster and they saved a lot of time and money for the studios. By mid-thirties, aesthetic of the character evolved. Freddy Moore added the squash and stretch technique and changed Mickey s body to a pear like shape to enhance the emotion of the character. (Thomas, B. 1991) It has changes how the aesthetic of the film look from that pe riod onward. Bennett, D. (2009) discusses that appealing design enable the audience to identify with and grow to like the character. When designing a character, it is best to think of a personality for it. Having a distinct shape and silhouette allows the audience to recognize the characters immediately. This rule can be further illustrated by comparing Figure 1 and Figure 2, where the shapes for both examples are kept simple, despite the former being an older production than the latter. But if were to compare the different, the Circle formula and Rubber-hose tends to lose interest for the audience as the character were built with the same template. It is also hard for them to differentiate the characters compared to Figure 2, which uses different simple shapes and form to show the different. Through the years from early twenties till now, we have better knowledge of animating as more animators are trained in anatomy drawing for animation in their colleges or university. Furthermore, new drawing methods, for example the Disney style , the Manga style where Japanese exaggerated the eyes (Fig 3) to show emotions distinctly, are devised to overcome the limited animation methods back in the twenties. Despite all these, animators still keep their characters simple to minimize the complexity of animating them. Training for better animators Quoting Walt Disney (1956 cited Thomas, B. 1991), To do the things I wanted to do, I need better artists. A cartoonist is not the same as an artist. A cartoonist knows the shortcuts and tricks how to do things in a hurry. His work might have been comic, but it was convincing. Back in the 1920s to 1930s, animations were done by mostly by cartoonist who did drawing for local newspaper comics strips. Thomas, F. and Johnston, O. (1981) state in 1923, animated figures move as little as possible. It is as simple as lifting up and down the legs means walking and twice the speed means running. In order to improve the cartoonists skill to prepare them for his studio, Walt Disney sent his staff to school back in 1931 to learn life drawing and the study of animals movement. Colour psychology and action analysis were also taught to the class (Thomas, B. 1991). In the documentary The Pixar Story (2007), Disney founded CalArts in 1961. During that period, students were trained by Disney s nine ol d men the Disney s style character animation. The style has become an influence of present day animation. A lot of studios follow the Disney way of animating. Presently, most artists have already attended colleges and universities in order to learn the art of animation. Colour theories and acting classes are conducted to enable them to understand and study how things move and behave in real environment. This leads to more realistic and better looking animation as compared to the past. The beauty of sound in animation Figure 4: In Felix the Cat: Felix dopes it out, dialogues between characters were delivered in bubbles or text box. Figure 5: Felix the Cat uses question mark to express his emotion and dotted lines to indicate the direction he is looking at. In the infancy of the animation industry, animated films suffered with the absence of sound. Quoting Thomas, B. (1991), during the silent film era, dialogue was expressed either in balloon above the character or a full screen titles. Felix the Cat: Felix Dopes It Out (1925) the animated film clearly shows the example stated by Thomas, B. This distracts the flow of the animation. Characters use a bright light bulb over their head if they thought of something great or a question mark if they are puzzled. Felix the cat in figure 5 shows a good example of weak personality. By having these qualities in animation makes the character weak with no reasoning power. Compared to the current animation, characters are more convincing and feel real when they could feel emotion and learn to reason. Dialogue also helps to establish the characters as well. For example, Warner bros Bugs Bunny demonstrates good characteristic in delivering the voice across to the audience and the proper uses of sound e ffects for comedy. In Chariots of Fur (1994), a lot of funny sound effects were used to enhance the comedy, like example the part where Coyote falls from high ground. Sound has definitely changes the aesthetic feel of the animated films now. Creating realistic character animation Basic figures were always anthropomorphic animals or caricatured human characters during the 1920 to 1930. Human characters for animation were presented in very basic and simple shapes. As stated by Thomas, B., (1991) human character animation was not convincing in the past. The human characters were moving in a jerky and unrealistic motion. During the early stages of animation, animators would create stylized animals for their cartoon as the audience prefer it more than unrealistic human characters. Animated human form characters were never seen before until Walt Disney attempted to in his first feature animation, Snow White, in 1937. Walt Disney (cited Thomas, B. 1991) observed that animating animals was easy as the audience wasn t familiar with how the animals move, so as long as they could give an appearance of the animal motion, the audience would be convinced. But animating humans was a different concept. Everyone knows how human moves and it was difficult to produce a convincing animation if we were unable to get the motion correct. To solve this, Disney hired a live actor to re-enact the parts of the animated characters. Then the animators could study and analyze the film and use it as a reference for their drawings. (Thomas, B. 1991) This method has proven useful and it is why modern animators now are taking video references and using them as a guide for their animation production. Similarly, live action references were used in Beauty and the Beast (1991), where the performance actress was dressed in Belle s costume for the act. Grids were drawn in the room to guide animators regarding the distance of the movement or action. The footage was then printed out frame by frame to give an idea of movement for the animators to study, not copy. (Thomas, B. 1991) Walt Disney (Cited Thomas 1991) stated that it is impossible for animators to visualize everything without studying and analyzing references. He further illustrated using an act of rising from a chair as an example. In the past, the character will simply rise in an upright position and walk away. He emphasised that studying live action films allows animators to see how a human body gets up from a chair by leaning forward and using his arms to push into standing position. Using live action as a guide helps the animation but he did warn animators not to fully copy the reference as it may produce unnatural animation. In recent times, as animated features are moving towards realism, live video references and researches have become absolutely necessary for artists to refer to. Frank Thomas (Cited Thomas 1991) quotes that No matter how good they are, actors can seldom give you what you want. Animation since Snow White (1937) till now, like example Toy Story (1995), Spirited Away (2001) and Final Fantasy 7 Advent Children (2005), uses video reference to create realistic look and feel to their films. Bad influence of animation in the past and now Animations were simple and were often based on violence and bad influence. For example in Steamboat Willie (1928), Mickey mouse abuses animals by using them as a musical instrument. Mickey mouse smokes and drinks beer in The Gallopin Gaucho (1928). Now animated films follow a strict movie rating which filters out violence and bad influence to prevent young children from exposing them. Beowulf (2007) is rated PG-13 due to the intense sequences of violence and some sexual material and nudity. Steamboat Willie (1928), The Gallopin Gaucho (1928) Colour and staging Before colour was introduced back in 1932 for Disney s Flower and Trees (1932), the characters were often outlined in black against light background to make it stand out. Thomas, B. (1991) stated that Disney faced problems with the characters blended into the background when they first used colour in their film. They solved the issue by giving the characters lively colours while graying out the backgrounds. Riley, A. (cited Thomas, B. 1991), a Disney Colour-stylist, pointed out that gray is in everything we see. Using overtones of gray on backgrounds will make the scene look natural and allows the character to be readable. In Beauty and the Beast (1991), different colours on the characters clothing represent different mood in the film. In the present animated films, they still follow the way of staging and use of colours to bring the characters out against the background. Figure 12. shows one of the background used in The Princess and the Frog (2009). Shadows were used to guide your eyes to the lit area where the performance of the animation is played at. The Princess and the Frog (2009) But for some 3D animation productions, blur are added to the background to give the illusion of depth when the characters are placed in front of the camera. This method is another way to separate the character from the scene. Director Unkrich (2010) loves to use the field of depth to guide the audiences eyes to the direction he wants them to focus on in his movie, Toy Story 3 (2010) as discussed in the 133 issues 3D world magazine (2010, Pg38). Fusion of technology with arts Technology has helped a lot in animation since the early stages of Walt Disney s production. Thomas, B. points out that (1991) Walt Disney always pushed his studio to be the best company that create realistic animated films in the industry. In order to compete with live action producers, he needed to make sure that his camera used to capture the animation cels was able to dolly in and out of a scene. Therefore the multiplane camera was created to be used in his first feature animated film, Snow White, 1937. As part of the preparation for Snow White feature film, Disney set up an animation effect department to research and experiment with colour gels, camera diffusion and different types of filming technique. The Old Mill (1937), a Silly Symphony, was a testing ground for their effect animators to try on new animated techniques. Effects like lightning, rain, ripples in water, clouds, sun ray, firefly glow were tested and eventually applied to their first animated feature film. (Thomas , B. 1991) In the modern anime movie, Akira (1988), director Katsuhiro Otomo used a camera technique to show depth of the scene by moving and overlapping different background cels on top of each other at different speeds. This gave the audience an illusion of depth on a moving vehicle. In his film, he also requested some parts of the scene to have holographic effect but it is impossible to do that using a movie camera. So what director of photography Katsuji Misawa (1988) did was what he called a counterfeit holograph. He photographed the character with transmitted light which passed through the photograph, creating a doubled image of the character. The use of multiplane during the 1940s and the techniques and methods used in Akira (1988), share common similarity on creating and produce animated films using technology with arts. The main purpose of this is to give realistic aesthetic to the audience. Akira (1988) Walt Disney s Beauty and the Beast (1991), has great influence in the industry by its blending of traditional animation and computer generated image. Disney s CPS software is used to combine the traditional animated characters onto computer-generated background. The CAPS software is able to simulate the old Disney s multiplane camera effect by moving the layers of images towards and away from the camera like the ballroom dancing scene in the film. (Thomas, B. 1991) It was another breakthrough in the use of new technology since The old Mill (1937) and Snow White (1937). As animation starts to mature, new technology were developed and started to fuse together with art to form a new medium, computer generated imagery, which gave birth to Toy Story (1995). Beauty and the Beast (1991) But some studios in Japan still prefer the traditional way of animating. In Studio Ghibli, a lot of Director Miyazaki s works still done using water colours and Cel. It is true that parts of the animation use digital paintings to speed up the work since Princess Mononoke (1997) and it have been a standard for his studio s pipeline. But before the production of Ponyo (2008), Miyazaki (2009 cite by Jones, D., 2009) shut down computer graphic section and focuses fully on traditional animation. Ponyo (2008) is a good example of using traditional hand-drawn animation for the whole film without technology. Though technology helps to improve the aesthetic qualities to the animated film now, some studio still prefer the olden look and feel of traditional medium. Research and development contribution to the aesthetic qualities of animation Research and development are important since the past till now. A lot of money is poured in to make animated films as realistic as possible. Disney invested seventy thousands in 1937 for multiplane camera to make the camera works like live action camera.(Thomas, B. 1991) Same as today, more research and development departments are invested to create photorealistic look and feel to the films, for example, Final Fantasy: Spirit Within (2001) and Final Fantasy 7 Advent Children (2005). The influence of technologies used in animated films has further aspirated the creation of great animated films like Toy Story (1995), first 3d computer generated image feature film, Tekkon kinkreet (2006), for using 2D matte painting baked on 3D background environment. Tekkon kinkreet (2006) In Butler and Joschko s (2009) paper points out that 3D technology has slowly replace the traditional 2D method of animating, but animators still carry the animation fundamental, such as squash and stretch, timing, anticipation, follow-through and weight, used in traditional 2D animation to computer generated imagery 3D animation. More and more animators begin to create a more realistic human motion and photorealistic aesthetics appeal thanks to the potential that 3D technology can provide. Like John Lasseter (1998) insists that computer, same as pencil or clay, is just another medium used to create animated films. Aesthetic in Story point of view Story telling in the early cartoons did not have any plots. Most of the animated films were made up of a series of unfunny gags. Huemer, D. (1957 cited Thomas, B. 1991) recalled that only three animators worked on a Mutt and Jeff animated cartoon. One of the animators will suggest a theme and the rest of the animators will animate to it for few weeks. Once they finished the shots, they will look at each other animation and tried to hook up them with whatever shot they ended with. This resulted in story not flowing well in the whole film and some of them make no sense at all. Same gags were often reused to save cost and time thinking of new ideas which made the audiences bored of seeing the same things on the screen. Story telling now compared to the past has a great different. Now in the present, stories are properly planned and storyboards are created to make sure the whole story flow. Changes made to the story are rectified during the storyboard stage and animation will only start after everything is ironed out during the pre-production stage. Studios in the western, like example Pixar, Dreamworks animation and Blue Sky studio, all follows this industry pipeline. But in Japan, Studio Ghibli has their way of producing story. In the interview report by Mes, T. (2002) stated that director Miyazaki started his Spirited Away (2001) production while the storyboards are still developing. Storyboards were drawn by him only and he will discuss with his team regarding the script of the film. Unlike the western approach, Miyazaki s way tends to be risky as he himself also not sure where the story will lead to. But Miyazaki said in the making of Spirited Away documentary (2001) that this is his workflow and he will stick to it. Conclusion Animation has been around for more than a hundred years, from simple flat 2D cartoons to 3D computer generated animated films. The aesthetics in animation has matured and revolutionized the way of creating animated films. Audiences expectation gets higher each year and when people s perception of cartoons grows, so does the quality of the animated film. Budget also plays a big part in determine the aesthetics qualities of the animated films. With higher budget allows the production house to produce a higher quality film and allows new methods and technologies to be researched and developed. This will contribute greatly to the growth of the animation industry. Till now most elements and techniques that were used in the past are still hold on to dearly by many studios and animators.

The Supernatural in Shakespeares Macbeth :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

The Supernatural in Macbeth   Ã‚        Everyone has a slightly different interpretation of the supernatural but the interpretation which we can start with is Shakespeare’s. Everyone of Shakespeare’s time found the supernatural fascinating. Shakespeare interpreted the supernatural as witches, magic, unnatural and evil and he expressed his beliefs in the play, â€Å"Macbeth† very clearly, as he portrayed the three deformed women with control over the weather and the ability to predict the future. These three evil witches with magical powers were the creation of Shakespeare’s interpretation of the supernatural. Shakespeare’s contemporaries believed in the supernatural very strongly and a majority of them were frightened of it, including the king of that time, King James I of England.   Ã‚   Since it was an interesting issue which many people of Shakespeare’s time felt they were affected by, Shakespeare wrote about it. â€Å"Macbeth† with its supernatural theme was the 17th century’s equivalent to the modern day horror movie.   Ã‚   The play begins with a supernatural scene, where the three witches meet and give many clues as to who they are or what they have control over,   Ã‚   â€Å"†¦we three meet again in thunder, lighting or in rain?†¦.When the battle’s lost and won†¦.That will be ere the set of sun†¦.There to meet with Macbeth.†   Ã‚   This scene sets the atmosphere for the rest of the play. If this scene was not there it would be difficult for the audience to understand how later scenes are linked or how these three women can tell Macbeth’s future. Also if elements of the supernatural were not used in Act 1 Scene 1, as they have been, the witches could not be shown as sinister and evil. These two elements of horror, â€Å"sinister† and â€Å"evil† would later be used to explain the cause of the three witches’ behaviour further on in the play.   Ã‚  Ã‚   As the play continues the supernatural is used more. Act 1 Scene 3 is Macbeth’s first meeting with the witches, and is also the first time the audience sees or experiences the witches’ supernatural abilities.   Ã‚   â€Å"All hail to thee, Thane of Cowdor, All hail, Macbeth! That shalt be king hereafter†.   Ã‚   The witches predict Macbeth’s future and tell him that he shall become the Thane of Cowdor and then king. The rest of the play is based on this supernatural happening. After learning that Macbeth is to become King of Scotland the play follows Macbeth’s plot to get rid off King Duncan and then Macbeth’s life after the murder.

Nothing Gold Can Stay

The title of the poem Is metaphorical which, makes comparisons to the young and youth. Gold represents value and wealth. Therefore when it says â€Å"Nothing Gold Can Stay† it simply that nothing precious or of great value in the materialistic sense can stay forever. Gold symbolizes materialism, it would not last for long and it will give a false sense of security and happiness. Gold, which is money based, can take years to accumulate but can be washed away in a millisecond.On the other hand, things that have emotional and sentimental value cannot be bought with Gold and therefore will main throughout one's entire life. Nature represents the flirts Instance of gold. â€Å"Green is Gold† represents the natural world that is the New England forests Frost loved for most of his life. The color of money is green may also indicative of lifespan of the person in comparison to the seasons. The spring is when everything is new, Green the summer youth hot and passionate, the fall change various emotions, the winter dying death and cold.The birth of the baby Is stunning, their skin is soft they are fragile to hold, they grow so fast, their beauty, and the purity they have Inside Is ere fresh and clean. I remember when I was a kid I would ask my parents questions about everything I saw. All nature was seen too, however as time passed it became normal. As I grew older I gained more knowledge and memory was no longer green. Example, when I was a baby I don't know how to lie to my parents, to anybody, but growing older learn how to lie and purity was not found again.When you are young, things are great and perfect, nothing to worry about but it Is Impossible to keep that sense of security all the time. It Is a flower that grows from seed, blooms, grows, and after a while it dies. We can also refer to green as it relates to the creation of the world. Everything created by God is green in nature. The green is the symbol of life and prosperity, for example money is green and when nature is described green typically comes to mind.In fact, when you look the green nature, it is pleasing to the eyes. However, due to man's greed they only see Gold. This Gold Is the first green because all humans care about Is Gold and as a result they are giving It greater importance than nature, our source of life. Being that nature supplied the earth with Gold, man take advantage of it. Then the nature loses its beauty and importance like it does in the morning! Then it turns to the hot, muggy afternoon. â€Å"Her early leafs a flower but only so an hour†.It reminds us of how happy the first human creation of God living in the garden. The new life is so precious like a bud that turns to a beautiful flower, perfumed by Its natural essence yet a certain distraction ruins everything. The word â€Å"Gold† either suggests the early leaf, which lacks sufficient pigment to be completely green, or perhaps a gold as in a golden age, a reality time n one's l ife, even gold relating to money, stating the physical component of things, which as the end of the poem suggests, â€Å"Cannot Stay†.The nature of human life begins at a point of greatness in which all potentials represented by the flower's bud have been met In the open blossom. This point In the lifetimes of all Miming things lasts only at the most an hour. Eden represents the pure world before man was created to name everything, to tend to the animals and to the earth, before he and his wife disobeyed the divine by eating the fruit from the tree of knowledge, thus aiming mortality and opening the doorway into death upon the earth. Eden represents all beginnings, before there was knowledge of decay.Frost uses this element to visualize his idea that all things in nature, including the lives of people, reach a new height before they sink to grief. The poet uses nature as a person which a commonly used term as â€Å"Mother Nature†, and I think the hidden meaning behind this is that the poem he has written carries the same message that has been preached for years, yet no one bothers to follow or listen to. Frost is not being entirely peoples in his poem; he is saying only that it is the â€Å"Gold† in things which cannot last, their brightest.The reality of a human life is only met once and not met again. Purity is lost when knowledge is gained. I think the poem lends a powerful warning to all of us. Recognize what is really important in life, embrace it, and discards everything else. Appreciate every year, month, day, and minute. It is fleeting and we don't get a do over. Love your fellow man right now, friends, and family. Don't wait until tomorrow because it may never come. Spend life in the present, not in the past or the future. Nothing Gold Can Stay The title of the poem Is metaphorical which, makes comparisons to the young and youth. Gold represents value and wealth. Therefore when it says â€Å"Nothing Gold Can Stay† it simply that nothing precious or of great value in the materialistic sense can stay forever. Gold symbolizes materialism, it would not last for long and it will give a false sense of security and happiness. Gold, which is money based, can take years to accumulate but can be washed away in a millisecond.On the other hand, things that have emotional and sentimental value cannot be bought with Gold and therefore will main throughout one's entire life. Nature represents the flirts Instance of gold. â€Å"Green is Gold† represents the natural world that is the New England forests Frost loved for most of his life. The color of money is green may also indicative of lifespan of the person in comparison to the seasons. The spring is when everything is new, Green the summer youth hot and passionate, the fall change various emotions, the winter dying death and cold.The birth of the baby Is stunning, their skin is soft they are fragile to hold, they grow so fast, their beauty, and the purity they have Inside Is ere fresh and clean. I remember when I was a kid I would ask my parents questions about everything I saw. All nature was seen too, however as time passed it became normal. As I grew older I gained more knowledge and memory was no longer green. Example, when I was a baby I don't know how to lie to my parents, to anybody, but growing older learn how to lie and purity was not found again.When you are young, things are great and perfect, nothing to worry about but it Is Impossible to keep that sense of security all the time. It Is a flower that grows from seed, blooms, grows, and after a while it dies. We can also refer to green as it relates to the creation of the world. Everything created by God is green in nature. The green is the symbol of life and prosperity, for example money is green and when nature is described green typically comes to mind.In fact, when you look the green nature, it is pleasing to the eyes. However, due to man's greed they only see Gold. This Gold Is the first green because all humans care about Is Gold and as a result they are giving It greater importance than nature, our source of life. Being that nature supplied the earth with Gold, man take advantage of it. Then the nature loses its beauty and importance like it does in the morning! Then it turns to the hot, muggy afternoon. â€Å"Her early leafs a flower but only so an hour†.It reminds us of how happy the first human creation of God living in the garden. The new life is so precious like a bud that turns to a beautiful flower, perfumed by Its natural essence yet a certain distraction ruins everything. The word â€Å"Gold† either suggests the early leaf, which lacks sufficient pigment to be completely green, or perhaps a gold as in a golden age, a reality time n one's l ife, even gold relating to money, stating the physical component of things, which as the end of the poem suggests, â€Å"Cannot Stay†.The nature of human life begins at a point of greatness in which all potentials represented by the flower's bud have been met In the open blossom. This point In the lifetimes of all Miming things lasts only at the most an hour. Eden represents the pure world before man was created to name everything, to tend to the animals and to the earth, before he and his wife disobeyed the divine by eating the fruit from the tree of knowledge, thus aiming mortality and opening the doorway into death upon the earth. Eden represents all beginnings, before there was knowledge of decay.Frost uses this element to visualize his idea that all things in nature, including the lives of people, reach a new height before they sink to grief. The poet uses nature as a person which a commonly used term as â€Å"Mother Nature†, and I think the hidden meaning behind this is that the poem he has written carries the same message that has been preached for years, yet no one bothers to follow or listen to. Frost is not being entirely peoples in his poem; he is saying only that it is the â€Å"Gold† in things which cannot last, their brightest.The reality of a human life is only met once and not met again. Purity is lost when knowledge is gained. I think the poem lends a powerful warning to all of us. Recognize what is really important in life, embrace it, and discards everything else. Appreciate every year, month, day, and minute. It is fleeting and we don't get a do over. Love your fellow man right now, friends, and family. Don't wait until tomorrow because it may never come. Spend life in the present, not in the past or the future.

Who Are Teenagers Essays

Who Are Teenagers Essays Who Are Teenagers Essay Who Are Teenagers Essay Teenagers are not what you just see! Yes, i agree that some teenagers have personalities that are similar to specific stereotypes, but you cannot judge someone just by the way they look, and you definitely should not judge an entire population with just a small proportion! There have been many times where teenagers appear in movies, and they are not just based off a stereotype. Some examples are the .students from the movie â€Å"The Breakfast Club†. They are Bender (the criminal), Brian (the brain), Andrew (the athlete), Claire (the princess), and Allison (the basket case). If you were casually walking towards a grocery to buy food and saw a teenager who you would call a ‘gangsta’, judging by the clothes he wore and the way he walked, he could be nice and caring on the inside. An example of this is Bender from the Breakfast Club. He is the ‘criminal’. At the beginning of the movie, he acts ruthless and seems like he does not care about anything. He swears, and talks back to Mr. Vernon in a rude way, showing a lack of respect. Later in the movie, he ends out helping the group by distracting Mr. Vernon to allow them to escape. He also creates relationships with the group. Additionally, Brian from ‘The Breakfast Club’ has the stereotype of a nerd. By looking at his appearance, you could tell that he is weak and obedient. When Bender gestures Brian to move out of his seat so that he could sit there, Brian moves without saying anything. When Mr. Vernon insults him after he corrects him, Brian does not say anything back, he stays quiet. He breaks his stereotype when he sneaks out of the room with the group to get marijuana. Later in the movie, he smokes it. Andrew is a sporty student who knows how to defend himself. When Bender insults him, he talks back. At one point, they start a small fight and Andrew wrestles Bender to the floor. His stereotype is broken near the end of the movie when the group gets together and talks. Andrew admits how he regrets pranking the kid and starts crying. He also tells the group about how he hates his father encouraging him to screw around at school. There is a stereotype where a teenager has wealthy parents and spoil their child. An example of this is paying teachers so that their child avoids punishment like detention. The child is genuinely popular and avoids people that he/she does not like, judging by appearance. An example of someone with this stereotype is Claire. At the start of the film, she says to her dad, â€Å"I can’t believe you couldn’t get me out of this†. A few minutes later into the movie, she tells Mr. Vernon that she does not want to be in the room, she wants to avoid the others. Her stereotype is broken when she tells the others that she hates it when her friends tell her to do things. The last member of the group from ‘The Breakfast Club’ is Allison. She has the stereotype of a wierdo. She is also a thief. Her stereotype is shown when she takes out the ham from her sandwich, and pours sugar and chips into it. It is also weird how she slurps coke from the table. Evidence of her being a thief is when she takes a lock and Andrew’s wallet. However, there is more to her than just a wierdo; she eventually communicates with the group and becomes friends with them. To summarise, teenagers have more to them than stereotypes. Evidence of this appears in the movie, ‘The Breakfast Club’. I hope you adults understand!

Improving a Job Seekers Online Reputation

Improving a Job Seekers Online Reputation Managing your online reputation can help you get a job because it allows you to present your accomplishments and assets to companies wanting to hire. However, if your online reputation is less than good, it can have the opposite effect and keep you from finding your dream job. A few tips on managing your online reputation can make all the difference. According to a survey conducted on social media, 52 percent of recruiters use social media sites to help assess potential job candidates. 1. Fight the Negative With the PositiveIndividuals who Google themselves are sometimes surprised to see something negative pop up that happened years ago. For example, an ugly argument with someone or a photograph that doesn’t represent someone in a positive light can appear. The only real way to counteract negativity is to use positive posts to force the negative ones down in the ratings. Individuals who Google an individual, topic or other items generally don’t go past the first two or three page.2. Use LinkedIn to Your AdvantageLinkedIn is a great place to list your previous jobs, tenure and what you accomplished that benefitted those employers. You might even want to include links to some of your work so that recruiters can see what you have accomplished. Show a little of your personality by including why you picked a particular field and what you use for motivation. Don’t overlook the Recommendations feature. Use it to invite co-workers, bosses and clients to share what an asset you are as an employee.3. Pay Attention to Grammar and SpellingEven if the cover letter and resume you sent to apply for a job was perfect, pay attention to your spelling and grammar when you post on social media. Poor spelling or grammar is a turnoff for recruiters and can end up costing you a potential interview. Saying that you were in a hurry is no excuse. Recruiters may look upon more than the occasional error as a lack of attention to detail and that could reflect negativel y on your chances.4. Skip Controversial SubjectsWhile you may be keenly interested in politics, it might be a better idea to keep this type of post off social media. Recruiters at some companies may not be as appreciative of your opinion of the current slate of candidates, especially if it becomes heated. However, recruiters will look at what your interests are and whether you engage in discussions with others. This is an opportunity for you to present a positive side to a recruiter.5. Offensive or Thoughtless Posts on Social MediaIn a word – don’t. Getting into a discussion on social media is one thing and can leave a positive impression on a recruiter. Getting into an argument that turns nasty is another. Talking negatively about religion, politics, other people’s customs or sexual orientation can be found on Google without too much effort and reflects badly on the job candidate, according to recruiters. In addition, talking about and posting photos of the gre at beer bash from the previous weekend and other things of this nature is not a good idea.6. Use Social Media ProfessionallyStart with your personal website and check through it. Remove posts that may not show you in a favorable light, such as the weekend party with unflattering photos. Instead, use your personal website to share positive work experiences. You can even use it to show off your work history and include a link that can be downloaded. Do the same thing with your LinkedIn profile, Twitter account and Instagram. This is a good opportunity to be creative and show off what you know and what you can do.Using social media is one way a recruiter scouts out a candidate for a job. If there are other candidates for the same job, what you have posted on your social media accounts can make the difference in whether you will be considered for an interview. Having a good reputation online can help get your foot in that door.Just as social media can be used in a positive way to help l and you an interview for a job, using the right job site can help in the same way. TheJobNetwork does exactly that. When you sign up for job match alert, TheJobNetwork seeks job listings for you around the clock and alerts you as soon as new jobs open. In addition, you can use this job site to conduct your own job search.

Methodology (part of dissertation) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Methodology (part of dissertation) - Essay Example Positivism paradigms and anti-positivism paradigms are the two main paradigms used for verification of theoretical propositions. For this research study the positivism paradigms has been selected because there is an objective reality in positivist paradigm and this procedure of natural sciences can be integrated into the social sciences. Primary research: Primary research involves the usage of primary data for the collection of data. Primary data are that information that is collected for the first time. The primary data is to be collected by conducting field research that involves face to face interviews, surveys, questionnaires and focused group interviews. The survey for this research is to be conducted among the tourists, visitors and officials related to tourism industry. The data collected from these sources are to be analysed in order to draw necessary conclusion for the objectives of the research. Secondary research: Secondary research is the research that is based on the data that already exist or the data that has already been created by someone. The secondary data to be used for this research is the trend of tourism in India in last 5 to 10 years. This will show the difference in tourism in past and present. Inductive approach has been adopted for this research study in order to understand the reality of study. The research design that is selected for the study is an exploratory research design, in order to understanding the things deeply. As explained by Zechmeister et al., (1997, 19) survey research represents a general approach to be used when the research design is implemented. Survey is the procedure of gathering information from respondents thought to be delegate of several populations using an apparatus collected of close structure or open-ended items. It is one of the main leading types of data collection in the social sciences given that for competent collection of data over broad populations, agreeable to

Community Policing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Community Policing - Research Paper Example Within the broad field of public administration, there is a need for administrators to understand how to better function in the public sector. Where service-oriented work is the watchword, and no visible product is offered as a measure of successful productivity, it becomes incumbent upon the administrator to make a concerted effort to evaluate service and citizen impact on that service. This seems to be a good fit with the reinventing government concept of the 1990s where there was a greater emphasis on customer service by public administrators to treat the customer right (Bach, 2009). In the field of law enforcement, it is imperative that successful administrators make every effort to foster a cooperative liaison with the (customer) citizenry. Citizen cooperation will nourish the police-community alliance. Needs can be identified, and efforts to meet those needs can be addressed by citizens and police administrators alike. This attitude of cooperative appraisal of needs fits well i nto the model of community policing (Tilley, 2010). Community Policing Police roles that grew out of the reform era (patrol services, rapid response to calls, etc.) may sometimes lead to roadblocks. These more traditional police practices sometimes encounter a public paradox (Radelet & Carter, 1994). The paradox states that crime control functions collide with due process ideals, in that citizens recognize the need for a social contract (a need for police) that occasionally can run counter to the basic freedom that they seek. So, this conflict (or paradox) between the need for police and the desire for the protection of due process can remain between police and the public (Radelet & Carter, 1994). The winds of change are moving through the hallways of many police organizations in America. For some, these winds are like a summer breeze that opens the door to new possibilities. For others, they signal the onset of a cold, uncertain winter. Regardless of how one experiences it, somethi ng is happening, and this "something" is an attempt to rethink and restructure the role of police in society (Rosenbaum in Bordeur, 1998 p.1). Inability of existing police infrastructures to cope with greater than ever complexities of our fast changing society and increasing demands on police by their rapidly growing constituencies forces police organizations to look for new ways to serve their communities (Tilley, 2010). Increased bureaucratization and over- specialization of police forces and separation from the community amplifies the need for implementing a community-driven police force. Police organizations face increased costs and pressure from the community and interest groups to do more with fewer resources. As a consequence, police administrators are forced to cut some services in order to address priority needs (Tilley, 2010). Reduction and elimination of police services due to budget cuts and increasing operational costs creates community discontent. A new cost efficient approach to prevent and deal with crime is needed in order to cover eliminated services. Community Oriented policing is recognized as a viable solution to reducing crime and efficiently solving community problems (Chacko & Nancoo, 1993). Murphy labels proactive policing as the dominant ideology and organization mode of progressive policing (Murphy, in Chacko & Nancoo, 1993, p. 1). Community policing philosophy and research suggests traditional bureaucratic, crime-attack policing has failed. The police have lost their community context and this loss inhibits the police in their order maintenance and crime control functions (Tilley, 2010). Critics of traditional policing argue, police are mystifying their role and manipulating public expectation. Reactive policing "promotes poor policing management, leading to the issuance of more traffic tickets, the growth of an unofficial quota system, and 'fudging' of crime statistics" (Thibault, Lynch, & McBride 1985, p. 50).

Principles & Strategies of Translation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Principles & Strategies of Translation - Essay Example Guy Cook has the view that, â€Å"Advertising in the era of color magazines, television and internet is a new phenomenon, both in nature, quality and effect† (Cook 2001). However, the advertising that is known as the contemporary is not too old. The literary discourse is sometimes referred as the study which deals with the reading and its effects with respect to the tradition. The discourse is part of society that can be hugely impacted by the cultural regards. Persons split the discourse in element. In this way, the different elements can be distinguished. It is purely unfavorable for the advertisement to consider an advertisement just a piece of text; it is more than a piece of text, an intersemiotic angle to view an advertisement is better way to understand an advertisement rather than just employing the semiotic angle. Semiotics deal with the development, utilization and drawing meanings for the signs (Stecconi in Encyclopaedia of Translation Studies, 2008:260), which has a great influence on the linguistics and it a subgroup of linguistics. If a person has a view of an advertisement, he views the signs that could be a text, a picture, a rhyme, a gesture or a color or colors, he make the symbolizes of the act to be in a sense that his mind can understand. The sign may convert to another sign that could be related to another piece of novel, picture, painting, etc. In this way, the advertisements are the multimodal texts, while, the other genres of texts have a lower level of multimodality as compared to the advertisements. The intellectuals begin taking interest in studying the advertisements and view the study as the translational study, as the linguistics is dominated by previously by strong writing styles, the advertisements changed the way scholars think about that (Torresi 2008). However, ‘Snell and Crampton† have the view that, â€Å"translation has little to do with this fascinating

The First Great Awakening Essay Example for Free

The First Great Awakening Essay The first great awakening is best be described by historians as a religious revival that swept through the American colonies. This happened between 1730 and 1745. This revival was a part of the wider movement that was taking place in other regions of the world such as in European regions of Scotland Germany and England. A new age of faith was coming up quickly countering the enlightment age. This was the period that religious faith was being reaffirmed where it mainly meant trusting someone heart instead of the head, this meant feeling were to be more important than thinking. Biblical revelations were to be the guiding tools for the life of human being to be prosperous. This discouraged use of human reason in solving issue related to faith. The first signs of the awakening were seen as early as 1679 following the sermons delivered by Solomon Staddord in Northampton Massachusetts. Periodic revivals occurred after this period but they were usually dying out due to the strong influence of the enlightment age. Jonathan Edward, William Tennent and his family and George Whitefield played a great role in spreading the word and in bringing revival to this region. They are noted for the role they played in initiating religious revivals in the colonies as well as establishing the seminaries where the clergymen would be trained. These clergy people were used to convert people bringing them in to Christianity. (Wallis,J 2008 23) William Tennent has been described a the father of the great awakening, the soldier of Christ and the old grayed disciple of Christ are some of the names that he was given to recognize the role he played in reviving Christianity in the American colonies. He is attributed to the spreading of the fire to many parts of the colony including Ohio and Carolina. He established churches as well as training schools where he trained young men as pastors to help in the spreading of the word. He is accredited for starting the first training camps for the clergy who served in the revival of religion in this part of the world. William stressed on the need for man to seek personal salvation with God, he advocated for the people to repent as they will be convicted of their sins. This made him controversial as the other Presbyterian preachers wanted him to stick to the traditions. He ignited a fire that was carried by his students far and wide to the regions far away helping in the awakening of religion. (Lambert,F 1999 46) The religious enthusiasm spread from the Presbyterians to the purists and Baptists of New England. The clergy were conducting revival employing the strategies used by William Tennent. Jonathan Edwards delivered powerful sermons which ignited a kind of fire never seen before. In his sermon â€Å"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God† he described how people will be destroyed if they did not turn away from their current state. He stated clearly through his sermons what awaited those who are sinners. Just like William he played a great role in spreading revival teaching to different areas as well as training young men who did a great job in this course. George Whitefield who came to be known as the great itinerant Traveled far and wide preaching the revival message. He emphasized on the need of living as Christians rather as divided people. His eloquent manner endeared many whom he helped to convert. The English preacher together with other preachers formed a movement whose aim was to reform the Church of England. He drew very large crowds everywhere he went such that he mostly opted to preach outdoors. (Tracy, J. 1997 145) The great awakening led to conversion of many Americans, this is shown by the number of people who joined the church, and this increased greatly at around this period. The sermons delivered by the preachers were powerful such that they touched many of whom decided to convert. The major effect was the rebellion against the authoritarian rule which was characteristic in the religious field. The charismatic personalities Edwards, Tennent and Whitefield played a great role in delivering the right messages challenging the status quo. The helped the people to see the light. The necessary reforms were carried out in the church making it more responsive to the salvation needs of the people. The message was not well received by all there are those who wanted thing s to remain the same, they wanted to advance the traditions they questioned the move of the preachers as they condemned the local clergy on the way they conducted the affairs. The great awakening left these preachers sharply polarized as they could not agree with some of the things being propagated by the revival preachers. The first great awakening left the colonials divided along religious lines. (Heimert, A 1966 68)The Anglicans gained from this movement as its membership increased greatly. This membership was drawn from those people who did not approve the revival excesses. Baptists on the other hand gained from the radical converts. The great portion of believers remained in the Presbyterian and congregational denominations but they were divided along the lines of those who supported the revival and those who were opposed to it, the so called new and the old lights. New lights represented those who approved the revival while the old lights are those who favored the status quo. The colonial government was not left out too, in the colonies where the main steam churches were supported by the authorities the other churches lobbied for enactment of the laws which would end the favoritism along religious lines. (Kidds,T 2007 104) The great awakening brought changes in the American church changes that lasted for a long period and continue to be felt up to this time. It is a period when the church became stronger as it gained more members especially those who were converted at around this time. Work Cited Wallis,JThe Great Awakening,HarperOne( 2008) Lambert,F. Inventing the Great Awakening Princeton: Princeton University Press, (1999) Tracy, J. The Great Awakening: A History of the Revival of Religion in the Time of Edwards and Whitefield,Banner of the Truth (1997) Heimert,A Religion and the American Mind, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, (1966) Kidds,T. The Great Awakening:Abrief History with documents,Bedford/St Martins(2007)

HIV and AIDS - We are Close to a Cure :: STD, HIV, AIDS

HIV and AIDS - We are Close to a Cure AIDS is a major disease that has threatened the world's population but many scientists believe that a cure is in sight. These scientists say they have developed a vaccine that will cure a dying AIDS patient. They also believe that have created a vaccine that will prevent a person from contracting the virus. AIDS stands for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. Acquired stands for that the disease is not hereditary but develops after birth from contact with a disease causing agent in this case, HIV. Immunodeficiency means that the disease is characterized by a weakening of the immune system. Syndrome means a group of symptoms that collectively indicate or characterize a disease. In AIDS this can include the development of certain infections and cancers, as well as a decrease in the number of certain cells in a person?s immune system (What is AIDS). HIV is transmitted in many different ways. It can be spread by sexual contact with an infected person, or by sharing needles. It is less common now because blood is now screened for the virus through blood transfusion. Babies that are born to HIV infected women may become infected before or during birth or through breast-feeding. Doctors and nurses have also been infected at the work place. They can be infected by being stuck with a needle containing HIV-infected blood. Sometimes workers can get infected through open wounds. There is only one case in the U.S. in which a patient has been infected by the worker (HIV and Its Transmission). This involved one infected dentist infecting six of his patients. Some people fear that HIV might be transmitted in other ways, but there is no proof to support it. If HIV was being transmitted through other common ways such as through the air, water, or insects the cases of HIV and AIDS cases would be much higher than they already are (HIV and Its Transmission). Many people are ashamed to admit to family and, loved ones that they are infected or may be infected. For example, Monica was fifteen years old when she became infected. She wrote about how she became infected ?My best friend who is a male has AIDS and we were really close so one night we experimented and after the fact that we did it he told me he had AIDS. I was so angry at him and scared.