Essay about Abraham Lincoln and Slavery during the Civil War

Abraham Lincoln once said, â€Å"I claim not to have controlled events, but confess plainly that events have controlled me† (â€Å"Letter to Albert G. Hodges† 281 as qtd. in R.J. Norton 1). In accordance with his quote, when President Lincoln issued the unprecedented Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, Lincoln freed slaves in the Southern states, but he and his actions were being controlled by Civil War. The Civil War was fought between 1861 and 1865 between the Northern states, or the Union, and the Southern states, or the Confederacy. On September 22, 1862, in the midst of the Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln put forth a Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation (Tackach 45). The document stated that after January 1, 1863, slaves†¦show more content†¦The Emancipation Proclamation itself answers the question, stating that Lincoln was freeing the Southerners’ slaves, â€Å"upon military necessity† (â€Å"The Emancipation Proclamationâ⠂¬  as qtd. in Klingaman 232). Lincoln freed Southern slaves, â€Å"as a fit and necessary war measure for suppressing†¦ rebellion† (â€Å"The Emancipation Proclamation† as qtd. in Klingaman 231). President Lincoln took advantage of his position as Commander-in-Chief of the United States, as well as his ability to act without Congress’ consent, and issued the Emancipation Proclamation for military reasons (Heinrichs 15). Lincoln knew that the proclamation would prove to be a useful tool of defense during the fierce Civil War. It can only be concluded that Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation for somewhat selfish reasons, as to increase the North’s chances of victory in the Civil War. By issuing a document that freed slaves, the North could undoubtedly gain foreign allies, and at the same time deprive the South of their foreign support. Great Britain was supportive of the South’s secession from the Union because Britain relied on the South’s cotton (Tackach 43). Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts claimed to Lincoln that since Great Britain was anti-slavery, if Lincoln would change the Civil War’s main focus to slavery, the abolitionist North would gain Britain’s support (Tackach 43). By issuing the EmancipationShow MoreRelatedEssay on Abraham Lincoln - the Greatest President1069 Words   |  5 PagesAbraham Lincoln There have been forty four U.S. presidents over the past two hundred and twenty years. What president has served the best for our country? None other than Abraham Lincoln. Abraham Lincoln is the greatest president ever because he did great things such as ending slavery, getting the us through the Civil War, and helped our country a lot. The American Civil War was a war between the Southern states and the Confederate states. 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Sigmund Freud. Briana Gates. Mr. Wiles. Psyc 43101-01

Sigmund Freud Briana Gates Mr. Wiles PSYC 43101-01: History and Systems of Psychology February 25, 2017 On May 6, 1856, a baby by the name of Sigmund Freud was born, in a what is now known as the Czech Republic (Schultz Schultz, 2012). After moving around a bit, Freud eventually settled in Vienna, and spent most his life there. It is without question that Sigmund Freud is a well-known name, and that he can be considered the father of what is known as psychoanalysis, seeing as how he even developed the term (Schultz Schultz, 2012). Freud was always considered a very bright young man, eventually learning eight different languages, and starting high school at a young age. He started going to the University of Vienna in†¦show more content†¦With free association encouragement of open free talking is asked of the patient, who is instructed to lie down on a couch, and express any and every thought (Schultz Schultz, 2012). The whole goal is to bring anything to light that has been repressed, because the repression is believed to cause the odd or abnormal behavior (Schultz Sch ultz, 2012). From his sessions with patients Freud discovered that the root of the abnormal behavior for many patients involved sexual matters (Schultz Schultz, 2012). Due to his own lack of sexual activity and the frustrations and conditions that arose from abstaining Freud ended up analyzing himself by dream analysis (Schultz Schultz, 2012). â€Å"Dream analysis is a psychotherapeutic technique involving the interpretation of dreams to uncover unconscious conflicts,† (Schultz Schultz, 2012). â€Å"It’s a psychological phenomenon without intentional value in itself, but rather a facade that acquires meaning only in relation to the dreamer’s waking life,† (Montenegro, 2015). From Freud’s own dream analysis, a now well-known theory was formed known as the Oedipus complex. One of Freud’s most famous books emerged from his dream analysis as well, known as The Interpretation of Dreams (Schultz Schultz, 2012). Freud eventually had a win ning streak so to speak, in the early 1900’s, and during these years he was asked to come to the United States and be a guest speaker at Clark University (Shultz Schultz, 2012). After these

Creating False Memories Remembering Words †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Explain On Creating False Memories Remembering Words? Answer: Introducation Aim of the research was to investigate false recall in a standard list learning paradigm. The aim of Experiment 1 was to replicate Deese's (1959) observations of false recall by using six lists that produced among the highest levels of erroneous recall in his experiments, along with in-depth purpose in experiment 2. Bartlett (1932) conducted primary experimental investigations of false memories, where he showed distortions in subjects memories to recall the memory, but no aggregate data have been reported. On the other hand, Wheeler and Roediger (1992) revealed that over repeated tests in short delay, false memory can be improved. Underwood (1965) provided a method to study false recognition of words in lists. Gillund and Shiffrin (1984) did not find a false recognition result for semantically related lures in similar paradigm. A potential exception was found in the study of Deese (1959), revealing false recall in a standard list learning paradigm. In experiment 1, participants were 36 and in experiment 2 30 participants were included in the study. The six lists from the materials used in the study were included from Deeses (1959) article. Authors selected 6 targets, which gave highest intrusion rates in Deeses test, with one exception; these are needle, chair, rough, sleep, mountain, and sweet. For every critical word, the corresponding list has been conducted by getting the initial associates according to Russell and Jenkins's (1954) word association norms. On the other hand, for the 42 item recognition test, 12 studied and 30 non-studied items. Three types of non-studied items were the 6 critical target words, 12 words unrelated to the six list items and 12 words weakly related to the lists. Next, weekly related words from 13th position have been drawn along with the association norms. The test sequence was constructed in blocks, i.e. 7 items per block, where every block is related t the study list and the blocks order represented the order of studying the lists. During regular class meeting, test subjects were tested in a group. Instruction was given that they have to listen to some list of words and have to write those based on memory, in examination booklets. They had to follow the order of writing words, last to first ones. They were told not to guess and write only those words, upon which they had confidence. In this context, authors read aloud with 1 word per 1.5 seconds rate and instructed to recall after completion of every list. Participants got 2.5 min to recall the list. Prior instructing for recognition list and after completing the 6th list, a brief conversation for 2-3 mins were done, followed by instructed about another test, where they have to point words in a sheet that these were surely in the list. Finally, participants were asked to elevate their hand, if they recognized critical lures and six target items in the test (Roediger McDermott, 1995). There were four reasons provided for conducting experiment 2 in the current research. First, authors wanted to duplicate and make bigger the recall and recognition results of experiment 1 in a wider context; second they wished to test the effect of recall on the recognition test. Third, it was critical to reveal the false alarm rates for critical non-presented items, in case the relevant list is not presented previously. The fourth and the most important reason for conducting experiment 2 that has been highlighted by the authors was to gain the view of judgment of subjects regarding their phenomenological experience, associated with recognition of non-presented items (Roediger McDermott, 1995). In experiment 2, authors aimed to make a further judgement for each item judged by the subjects; i.e. whether they can remember or they know these items in the study list. Remember was defined as the experience, where the participant is able to relive the experience. On the other hand, know judgement was developed in case, where participants have enough confidence regarding the presence of the subjects in the previous study list, but are unable to re-experience the occurrence. Therefore, it can be said that the remember judgements include a mental reliving of memory, whereas know judgement do not include such phenomenon (Roediger McDermott, 1995). In experiment 2, remember-know judgements had been used for observing whether participants, recognizing the critical nonpresented words might report the remember experience, indicating these as the mentally re-experiencing events, which never appeared. The results in experiment 1 revealed that in high confidence response, subjects were sure about critical non-studied items had been studied more than half time, when the rate of unrelated as well as weakly related critical lures were falling into the category approaching zero. In this context, the hit rate was still high, which was higher than the false-alarm rate for each critical lures. The results also showed that the judgements provided by subjects for the critical lures were similar to the studied items compared to the other types of lures. These results confirmed the Deese (1959) results. Overall, two experiments were done, which gained significant level of false recall as well as false recognition in a list learning paradigm. In experiment 1, on immediate free recall tests, 40 % recall of time was reported in non-presented associates and was later recognized with high confidence. On the other hand, experiment 2 revealed false recall rate of 55 % was obtained on a recognition test and expanded set of lists. Participants produced false alarms to these items at a comparable rate with hit rate. Overall, the study revealed a critical illusion of memory has been found (Roediger McDermott, 1995) From the prior research, the author stated that the false reorganization affect the participants where as the prior research stated that it does not affect the participants. The five category people were listed in the experiment, whereas false reorganization is about 8% and non category members are 35%. From the associative processes, error can occur on the recall as well as reorganization in the memory. To increase the tendency of producing the false alarms different models like SAM model was used that helped in the prior research (Roediger McDermott, 1995). The author has shown that the false recognition is related to the indirect implication of the issues in real life. However, from the introduction, it is seen that the effects can be small in the magnitude. From the experiment it is found that the results are similar with the previous work of 1960s and 1970s. The experiments showed the false recall in the paradigm, which w2as predicted by probability in the free association tests. The false memories may await the systematic experimental study (Roediger McDermott, 1995). However, some of the experiments showed that some of the false recall did not elicit individuals. Long term memory refers to the phase and the types of memory that is responsible to store the information for the comprehensive period of time. In the long term memory, memories are stored for the long period of time and people can recognize the old things (Cermak, 2014). As the memory stored in the long term memory sector, people can recognize the incident for the several period of time. Long term memory is of two types that are semantic memory and the episodic memory. The systematic memory is the idea and the concept, which is not related to the personal memory. Episodic memory is related to the personal memory, in which people can recognize the particular incidence of the personal things (Hasson, Chen Honey, 2015). Example of episodic memory is remembering the name of people and the last interaction with that person. On the other hand, semantic memory is reorganization of the meaning of some words or remembering the fractions and mathematical solutions. Particular incidences like any type of accidents can be stored in the memories of people, which are known as the long term memory. The semantic memory does not depend on the context memory. The abstract of the article does not concise the aim and the purpose of the study. Moreover, the abstract does not state the research hypothesis, research design, research result and the implication of the result. However, the abstract provided the idea of the discussion as it stated about two experiments. The rates of the false recalls are stated in the abstract. The abstract does not have the key word list that used while search. On the 5- point rating scale that is ranged from 1 to 5, it can be said that the abstract is poor and can be rated 1. The reason of such rating is that the abstract did not state the aim of the study as well as the research hypothesis and research design. Reference List Bartlett, F. C. (1932). Remembering: A study in experimental and social psychology. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press Cermak, L. S. (Ed.). (2014).Human memory and amnesia (PLE: Memory)(Vol. 4). Psychology Press. Deese, J. (1959). On the prediction of occurrence of particular verbal intrusions in immediate recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 58, 17-22 Gillund, G., Shiffrin, R. M. (1984). A retrieval model for both recognition and recall. Psychological Review, 91, 1-67. Hasson, U., Chen, J., Honey, C. J. (2015). Hierarchical process memory: memory as an integral component of information processing.Trends in cognitive sciences,19(6), 304-313. Roediger, H. L., McDermott, K. B. (1995). Creating false memories: Remembering words not presented in lists.Journal of experimental psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition,21(4), 803. Russell, W. A., Jenkins, J. J. (1954). The complete Minnesota norms for responses to 100 words from the Kent-Rosanoff Word Association Test. (Tech. Rep. No. 11, Contract N8 ONR 66216, Office of Naval Research). University of Minnesota Underwood, B. J. (1965). False recognition produced by implicit verbal responses. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 70, 122-129. Wheeler, M. A., Roediger, H. L., III. (1992). Disparate effects of repeated testing: Reconciling Ballard's (1913) and Bartlett's (1932) results. Psychological Science, 3, 240-245

Archetypes in Star Wars Essay Example For Students

Archetypes in Star Wars Essay Community service: help in the community performed as part of a sentence, such as assisting with a community cleanup or food bank Criminal record: a armament record of breaking the law, which is public information. A criminal record can bar you from jobs Sentence: A consequence for a crime, such as imprisonment, determined by a court of law. YWCA: Youth Offenders CRIMINAL CODE: Adult Offenders Deals with 12-17 year olds Deals with adults Allows some yolk offenders to face consequences such as community service. Makes going to court the usual consequence for breaking a law. Prohibits adult sentences for youth 12 to 14 years of age. Allows adult sentences for young people 14 years of age and older who have committed serious crimes, Defines dull sentences, which can include long periods of imprisonment for some crimes Protects the privacy of young offenders. News media may not publish their names unless they have an adult sentence. Allows the publication of offenders names. Allows most young offenders to avoid a criminal record. Creates a criminal record for most offenders. What factors determine the consequences young offenders face? The seriousness of the offence. For example, a violent offence is more serious than a non violent offence. The history of the young person. Some who has been n trouble before may face more serious consequences than a first time offender. The attitude of the young person. A young person who takes responsibilities for their actions will face less serious consequences than one who doesnt. The circumstances of the young person. What are the objectives of the YWCA? The youth criminal justice system is intended to 1. Prevent crime by addressing the circumstances Lingering a young persons behavior, for example, a young person may need counseling for alcohol or drug abuse, or help coping with a family situation. . Rehabilitate young persons who commit offences and reintegrate them into society. This means providing young offenders with the skills to make positive choices in the future, and to help them find positive ways to participate in their community- for example by joining a sports team or a community action group. 3. Ensure that a young person is subject to meaningful consequences for his o r her offence to promote the long term protection of society. 4. The youth criminal justice system must be separate from that Of adults and recognize their level Of maturity. What is a jury? Under the YWCA, a person of 14 years of age or older may choose to be tried by a judge and jury for certain serious offences, such as assault or murder. For these offences, juries always have 12 people and all 12 people must agree on the verdict. Anyone who is 18 years of age is eligible for jury duty, but cannot have a criminal record If you are summoned to jury duty, it is your responsibility to arrive on time. You must have your own transportation Employers must give you days off, but dont have to pay you. People can be excused from jury duty if they can express undue hardship. What do justice advocacy groups do? What are advocacy groups? Canada has 2 major citizen-led organizations involved in the justice system: the John Howard Society and the Elizabeth Pry Society. These organizations furor independently from the government. They try to solve underlying reasons for crime. They provide public education about laws and the justice system, including the YWCA They help rehabilitate youth and adults They advocate for the rights of youth and adults accused of crimes They call for measures to improve the fairness Of the justice system for people accused Of crimes and those harmed by crimes. .u5dfb66dc955da27938cbdaa10b60dc12 , .u5dfb66dc955da27938cbdaa10b60dc12 .postImageUrl , .u5dfb66dc955da27938cbdaa10b60dc12 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5dfb66dc955da27938cbdaa10b60dc12 , .u5dfb66dc955da27938cbdaa10b60dc12:hover , .u5dfb66dc955da27938cbdaa10b60dc12:visited , .u5dfb66dc955da27938cbdaa10b60dc12:active { border:0!important; } .u5dfb66dc955da27938cbdaa10b60dc12 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5dfb66dc955da27938cbdaa10b60dc12 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5dfb66dc955da27938cbdaa10b60dc12:active , .u5dfb66dc955da27938cbdaa10b60dc12:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5dfb66dc955da27938cbdaa10b60dc12 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5dfb66dc955da27938cbdaa10b60dc12 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5dfb66dc955da27938cbdaa10b60dc12 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5dfb66dc955da27938cbdaa10b60dc12 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5dfb66dc955da27938cbdaa10b60dc12:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5dfb66dc955da27938cbdaa10b60dc12 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5dfb66dc955da27938cbdaa10b60dc12 .u5dfb66dc955da27938cbdaa10b60dc12-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5dfb66dc955da27938cbdaa10b60dc12:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Psycho, the greatest film of all time? EssayThe Elizabeth Fry Society focuses on justice issues for women and girls. The John Howard Society works With everybody. What role do elders have in the justice system? Under the YWCA, young people can face consequences for the Youth Justice Committee. These committee exist in communities where volunteers agree to work with young offenders. YES reflect the ideas of sentencing circles. These came from Aboriginal history, and reflects their their consequences such as banishment. They believe that breaking a lava harms the whole community, and that the community must be involved with solution.